Bifidobacterium infantis regulates the programmed cell death 1 pathway and immune response in mice with inflammatory bowel disease

Figure 2 Effects of Bifidobacterium infantis and programmed cell death ligand inhibition on the proportion of CD4⁺, CD25⁺, and forkhead box protein 3⁺ cells in the blood. A: The strategy of CD4⁺, CD25⁺, and forkhead box protein (Foxp) 3⁺ cells; B-F: Flow cytometry results for the control group (B), the DSS model group (C), the DSS + B. infantis group (D), the DSS + B. infantis + anti-PD-L1 group (E), the DSS + anti-PD-L1 group (F); G: Statistical chart of the numbers of CD4⁺, CD25⁺, and Foxp3⁺ cells. Data are presented as mean ± SD, and the comparisons among each group were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance. Statistical significance was set as P < 0.05. PD-1: Programmed cell death 1; PD-L1: Programmed cell death ligand; DSS: Dextran sulfate sodium; B. infantis: Bifidobacterium infantis; Foxp3⁺: Forkhead box protein 3⁺; CD: Cluster of differentiation; SSC: Side scatter; FSC: Forward scatter; FL: Fluorescence; APC: Allophycocyanin; FITC: Fluorescein isothiocyanate; H: Height.