Altered gut microbiota patterns in COVID-19: Markers for inflammation and disease severity

Table 1 Different gastrointestinal symptoms in coronavirus disease 2019 patients

SI. No.	Total number of human subjects involved in study	Demographics of the study populations	Vomiting	Diarrhea	Nausea	Remarks/study summary	Ref.
1	191	Adults (46-67 years) hospitalised, Chinese peoples, 91 patients having comorbidity	7 (3.7%)	9 (4.7%)	7 (3.7%)	Identification of several risk factors and a detailed clinical course of illness for mortality of COVID-19 patients	[121]
2	171	Minor aged (1 d-15 years, hospitalised, Chinese children, no such comorbidity	11 (6.4%)	15 (8.8%)	NA	Report of a spectrum of illness from children infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus	[122]
3	1099	Median age group (35-58 years), hospitalised, Chinese patients without any comorbidity	55 (5.0%)	42 (3.8%)	55 (5.0%)	Identification and definition of clinical characteristics and disease severity of hospitalized COVID-19 patients	[37]
4	140	Adults (25-87 year), hospitalised Chinese patients with high comorbidity	7 (5.0%)	18 (12.9%)	24 (17.3%)	Report on hospitalized patients having COVID-19 with abnormal clinical manifestations (fever, fatigue, gastrointestinal symptoms, allergy)	[123]
5	73	Adults hospitalised Chinese patients, comorbidity reported	NA	26 (35.6%)	NA	Clinical significance of SARS-CoV-2 by examining viral RNA in feces of COVID-19 patients during hospitalizations	[124]
6	52	Adults (mean age 59.7 year), critically ill ICU- admitted Chinese patients, comorbidity reported	2 (3.8%)	NA	NA	Retrospective, single-centered, observational study on critically ill, ICU-admitted adult COVID-19 patients	[125]
7	138	Adult (median age 56 years), hospitalised Chinese patients with comorbidities	5 (3.6%)	14 (10.1%)	14 (10.1%)	Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients in hospitalized conditions	[126]
8	41	Middle age group (41-58 years) hospitalised Chinese patients with comorbidities	NA	1 (2.6%)	NA	Epidemiological, laboratory, clinical, and radiological features and treatment with clinical outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients	[46]
9	62	Studied patients (median age 41 years) were hospitalised, Chinese ethnicity and comorbidity reported	NA	3 (4.8%)	NA	Most common symptoms at onset of illness with clinical data in confirmed COVID-19 patients	[127]
10	137	Studied patients ( mean age 57-55) ware Chinese and hospitalised, comorbidity was also noted	NA	11 (8%)	NA	Investigation of epidemiological history, clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of COVID-19 patients	[128]
11	81	Chinese patients (mean age was 49.5 years), hospitalised with high comorbidities	4 (4.9%)	3 (3.7%)	NA	Report of confirmed COVID-19 patients with chest computer tomography imaging anomalies	[129]
12	99	Hospitalised, Chinese patients (average age of the patients was 55.5 years), comorbidity was reported	1 (1%)	2 (2.0%)	1 (1%)	Inclusive exploration of epidemiology and clinical features of COVID-19 patients	[130]

NA: Not available; ICU: Intensive care unit; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; SARS-CoV-2: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.