Review on acute pancreatitis attributed to COVID-19 infection

Table 2 Baseline characteristics of cases with coronavirus disease 2019 and acute pancreatitis coexistent

Case No.	Ref.	Age	Gender	Diagnostic evidence for SARS-CoV-2	Severity of COVID-19	Abdominal pain	Amylase/lipase (IU/L)	Abdominal image findings	Modality of image	Severity of acute pancreatitis	Treatment for pancreatitis	Prognosis
1	Anand et al[70]	59	Female	RT-PCR	Non-severe	Presence	NA/NA	Diffuse pancreatic enlargement	CT	Mild	Conservative	Alive
2	Hadi et al[71]	47	Female	RT-PCR	Critical	Absence	1500/NA	Diffuse pancreatic enlargement	AUS	Severe	NA	NA
3	Hadi et al[71]	68	Female	RT-PCR	Critical	Presence	934/NA	NA	NA	Severe	NA	NA
4	Aloysius et al[72]	36	Female	RT-PCR	Critical	Presence	325/627	No change	CT	Severe	Conservative	Alive
5	Miao et al[73]	26	Female	RT-PCR	Non-severe	Presence	NA/430	Diffuse pancreatic enlargement	CT	NA	NA	Alive
6	Szatmary et al[74]	29	Male	RT-PCR	Non-severe	Presence	77/NA	Diffuse pancreatic enlargement, peripancreatic inflammatory change, fluid collection	CT	Moderate	Conservative	Alive
7	Szatmary et al[74]	47	Male	RT-PCR	Non-severe	Presence	211/NA	Diffuse pancreatic enlargement, peripancreatic inflammatory change, fluid collection	CT	Moderate	Conservative	Alive
8	Rabice et al[75]	36	Female	RT-PCR	Severe	Presence	88/875	Not visualized	AUS	Mild	Conservative	Alive
9	Alloway et al[76]	7	Female	RT-PCR	Non-severe	Presence	NA/1672	Diffuse pancreatic enlargement	AUS and CT	Mild	Conservative	Alive
10	Karimzadeh et al[77]	65	Female	RT-PCR	Severe	Presence	285/294	No change	CT	Mild	Conservative	Alive
11	Gonzalo-Voltas et al[78]	76	Male	RT-PCR	Non-severe	Presence	3568/NA	Diffuse pancreatic enlargement	CT	Moderate	Conservative	Alive
12	Bokhari et al[79]	32	Male	RT-PCR	Non-severe	Presence	672/721	Diffuse pancreatic enlargement, peripancreatic inflammatory change, fluid collection	CT	Mild	Conservative	Alive
13	Mazrouei et al[80]	24	Male	RT-PCR	Non-severe	Presence	391/578	Enlargement of pancreatic tail, peripancreatic fluid collection	CT	Mild	Conservative	Alive
14	Ahmed et al[81]	47	Male	RT-PCR	Severe	Presence	349/NA	Peripancreatic inflammatory change	CT	Severe	NA	Alive
15	Brikman et al[82]	61	Male	RT-PCR	Severe	Presence	142/203	Peripancreatic inflammatory change	CT	Mild	Conservative	Alive
16	Kataria et al[83]	49	Female	RT-PCR	Severe	Presence	501/1541	Diffuse pancreatic enlargement, peripancreatic fluid collection	CT	Mild	Conservative	Alive
17	Cerda-Contreras et al[84]	72	Female	RT-PCR	Severe	Absence	1789/1247	Diffuse pancreatic enlargement, peripancreatic inflammatory change, fluid collection	CT	Severe	Conservative	Dead
18	Cheung et al[85]	38	Male	RT-PCR	Non-severe	Presence	NA/338.7	Acute pancreatitis	CT	NA	Conservative	Alive
19	Kumaran et al[86]	67	Female	RT-PCR	Severe	Presence	1483/NA	Peripancreatic inflammatory change and fluid collection, non-enhancement of most of the head and proximal body	CT	Severe	Conservative	Alive
20	Purayil et al[87]	58	Male	RT-PCR	Non-severe	Presence	249/NA	Not visualized	AUS	Mild	Conservative	Alive
21	Dietrich et al[88]	72	Male	RT-PCR	Critical	Presence	NA/185	Normal pancreas	CT	Mild	NA	Alive
22	Patnaik et al[89]	29	Male	RT-PCR	Non-severe	Presence	2861/1650	Diffuse pancreatic enlargement, peripancreatic fluid collection	CT	Mild	Conservative	Alive
23	Wang et al[90]	42	Male	RT-PCR	Critical	Presence	132/382	Pancreatic enlargement, peripancreatic fluid collection	CT	Moderate	Conservative	Dead
24	Wang et al[90]	35	Male	RT-PCR	Non-severe	Presence	NA/1042	Pancreatic enlargement, peripancreatic fluid collection	CT	Moderate	Conservative	Alive
25	Alves et al[91]	56	Female	RT-PCR	Critical	Presence	544/2993	Dffuse pancreatic enlargement, peripancreatic inflammatory change	CT and MRI	Severe	Conservative	Alive
26	Kurihara et al[92]	55	Male	RT-PCR	Critical	Absence	252/263	Pancreatic enlargement, peripancreatic inflammatory change	CT	Severe	Conservative	Alive
27	Lakshmanan and Malik[93]	68	Male	RT-PCR	Non-severe	Absence	1030/2035	Peripancreatic inflammatory change	CT	Mild	Conservative	Alive
28	Samies et al[94]	15	Male	RT-PCR	Non-severe	Presence	NA/233	Peripancreatic inflammatory change	CT	Mild	Conservative	Alive
29	Samies et al[94]	11	Male	RT-PCR	Non-severe	Presence	215/953	No change	CT	Mild	Conservative	Alive
30	Samies et al[94]	16	Female	RT-PCR	Non-severe	Presence	NA/1909	Pancreatic enlargement	CT	Mild	Conservative	Alive
31	Fernandes et al[95]	36	Female	RT-PCR	NA	Presence	710/640	Pancreatic enlargement, peripancreatic fluid collection	CT	Moderate	Conservative	Alive
32	Stevens et al[55]	10	Female	Serological IgG	Severe	Presence	NA/1371	Peripancreatic inflammatory change	CT	Severe	Conservative	Alive
33	Shinohara et al[96]	58	Male	RT-PCR	Critical	Presence	795/NA	Diffuse pancreatic enlargement peripancreatic inflammatory change	CT	Moderate	Conservative	Alive
34	Meyers et al[97]	67	Male	RT-PCR	NA	Presence	NA/5295	Interstitial edematous pancreatitis peripancreatic inflammatory change	CT	Moderate	NA	NA
35	Ghosh et al[98]	63	Male	RT-PCR	Severe	Absence	58/412	Focal pancreatic enlargement, peripancreatic fluid collection	CT	NA	Conservative	Alive
36	Tollard et al[99]	32	Female	RT-PCR	Critical	Presence	NA/321	Diffuse pancreatic enlargement peripancreatic inflammatory change	CT	Severe	Conservative	Dead
37	Kandasamy et al[100]	45	Female	RT-PCR	Severe	Presence	364/293	Diffuse pancreatic enlargement, peripancreatic inflammatory change and fluid collection	CT	Moderate	Conservative	Alive
38	Hassani et al[101]	78	Female	RT-PCR	Critical	Presence	1200/1450	Pancreatic enlargement necrotizing pancreatitis	AUS and CT	Severe	Conservative	Dead
39	Suchman et al[56]	10	Female	RT-PCR	Non-severe	Presence	NA/365.7	NA	NA	Moderate	Conservative	Alive
40	Suchman et al[56]	16	Male	RT-PCR	Critical	Presence	NA/233.3	NA	NA	Severe	Conservative	Alive
41	Narang et al[102]	20	Female	RT-PCR	Severe	Presence	1168/916	Acute pancreatitis	MRI	Severe	Conservative	Alive
42	Acherjya et al[103]	57	Female	RT-PCR	Severe	Presence	80/8352	Diffuse pancreatic enlargement, peripancreatic inflammatory change	CT	Moderate	Conservative	Alive
43	Alwaeli et al[104]	30	Male	RT-PCR	Critical	Presence	151/1022	Diffuse pancreatic enlargement, peripancreatic inflammatory change	CT	Severe	Conservative	Alive
44	Simou et al[105]	67	NA	RT-PCR	Severe	Absence	NA/576	Diffuse pancreatic enlargement, peripancreatic inflammatory change	CT	Severe	Conservative	Dead
45	Jespersen Nizamic et al[106]	49	Female	RT-PCR	Non-severe	Presence	NA/2864	Peripancreatic inflammatory change, fluid collection	CT	Moderate	Conservative	Alive
46	Abraham et al[107]	61	Female	RT-PCR	Non-severe	Presence	NA/1018	NA	NA	Mild	Conservative	Alive
47	Abhinay et al[108]	13	Female	RT-PCR	NA	Presence	217/365	Peripancreatic inflammatory change, fluid collection	CT	Moderate	Conservative	Alive
48	Bouali et al[109]	60	Female	RT-PCR	Critical	Presence	NA/627	Peripancreatic fluid collection	CT	Severe	Drainage of abdominal cavity, total gasterectomy	Dead
49	Alharmi et al[110]	52	Female	RT-PCR	Non-severe	Presence	47/NA	Atrophic pancreas, peripancreatic inflammatory change, peripancreatic fluid collection	CT	Moderate	Conservative	Alive
50	Abbas et al[57]	13	Female	RT-PCR	Critical	Presence	217.8/NA	Fluid collection	CT	Severe	Conservative	Alive
51	Bineshfar et al[111]	14	Male	RT-PCR	Non-severe	Presence	1914/NA	Diffuse pancreatic enlargement, peripancreatic inflammatory change	CT	Mild	Conservative	Alive
52	Paz et al[112]	14	Male	RT-PCR	Non-severe	Presence	196/247	Peripancreatic inflammatory change, fluid collection	MRI	Mild	Conservative	Alive
53	Wifi et al[113]	72	Female	RT-PCR	Non-severe	Presence	1667/710	No change	CT	Mild	Conservative	Alive
54	Sandhu et al[114]	25	Female	RT-PCR	Critical	Presence	350/35.6	Diffuse pancreatic enlargement	CT	Severe	Conservative	Dead
55	Mohammadi Arbati et al[115]	28	Male	RT-PCR	Critical	Presence	1273/758	Peripancreatic inflammatory change, fluid collection, acute necrotic pancreatitis	CT	Severe	Conservative	Alive
56	Amé et al[116]	42	Female	RT-PCR	NA	Presence	2263/2799	Pancreatic enlargement, peripancreatic inflammatory change, fluid collection	CT	NA	Conservative	Alive
57	Gupta et al[117]	25	Female	RT-PCR	Severe	Presence	1814/11920	Diffuse pancreatic enlargement, peripancreatic inflammatory change, fluid collection	CT	Severe	Conservative	Alive
58	Muhammad Abrar Jeelani et al[118]	24	Male	RT-PCR	Non-severe	Presence	NA/4174	Peripancreatic inflammatory change, fluid collection	CT	Moderate	Conservative	Alive
59	Maalouf et al[119]	62	Male	RT-PCR	Non-severe	Presence	NA/4361	Peripancreatic inflammatory change, necrotic collection	MRI	Moderate	Conservative	Alive
60	Sanchez et al[120]	16	Male	RT-PCR	Severe	Presence	NA/961	Peripancreatic inflammatory change, fluid collection	CT	Moderate	Conservative	Alive
61	Ehsan et al[121]	13	Female	RT-PCR	Severe	Presence	598/2331	Peripancreatic inflammatory change, fluid collection	CT	Moderate	Conservative	Alive
62	Hanif et al[122]	30	Female	RT-PCR	Severe	Presence	820/626	Diffuse pancreatic enlargement, peripancreatic inflammatory change	CT	Severe	Conservative	Alive
63	Chandra et al[123]	53	Male	RT-PCR	Critical	Presence	NA/1200	Peripancreatic inflammatory change	CT	Severe	Conservative	Alive
64	Alfishawy et al[124]	17	Male	RT-PCR	Severe	Absence	285/273	Pancreatic loculations	CT	Moderate	Conservative	Alive
65	Berrichi et al[125]	36	Female	RT-PCR	Critical	Presence	NA/2570	Diffuse pancreatic enlargement, peripancreatic inflammatory change	CT	Severe	Conservative	Dead
66	Berrichi et al[125]	51	Female	RT-PCR	Severe	Presence	NA/676	Diffuse pancreatic enlargement	CT	Mild	Conservative	Alive
67	Kripalani et al[126]	79	Female	RT-PCR	Critical	Presence	1075/6178	Diffuse pancreatic enlargement, peripancreatic inflammatory change, acute necrotic pancreatitis	CT	Severe	Cycto-jejunostomy	Alive
68	Narayan et al[127]	28	Male	RT-PCR	Critical	Presence	Elevated/elevated	Diffuse pancreatic enlargement, peripancreatic inflammatory change and acute necrotic pancreatitis	CT	Severe	Conservative	Dead
69	Narayan et al[127]	45	Female	RT-PCR	Severe	Presence	Elevated/elevated	Peripancreatic inflammatory change	CT	Mild	Conservative	Alive
70	Eldaly et al[128]	44	Male	RT-PCR	Non-severe	Presence	773/286	Diffuse pancreatic enlargement	CT	Mild	Conservative	Alive
71	Basukala et al[129]	49	Female	RT-PCR	Non-severe	Presence	1563/568	Diffuse pancreatic enlargement, peripancreatic inflammatory change, fluid collection, necrotic pancreatitis	CT	Severe	Gastrocolic ligament and followed by necrotic debridement, and drainage placement	Dead
72	Schembri Higgans et al[130]	63	Female	RT-PCR	Non-severe	Presence	1079/NA	After Whipple surgery	CT	Mild	Conservative	Alive
73	Schembri Higgans et al[130]	87	Female	RT-PCR	Non-severe	Presence	499/NA	Peripancreatic inflammatory change	CT	Mild	Conservative	Alive
74	Schembri Higgans et al[130]	64	Female	RT-PCR	Non-severe	Presence	2141/NA	Peripancreatic inflammatory change	CT	Mild	Conservative	Alive
75	Kopiczko et al[131]	6	Female	RT-PCR	Non-severe	Presence	1124/4250	Diffuse pancreatic enlargement, peripancreatic inflammatory change, fluid collection	CT	Mild	Conservative	Alive
76	Kareva et al[58]	11	Male	Serological IgG	Non-severe	Presence	489/576	Edematous appendix no change of pancreas	AUS	NA	Conservative	Alive
77	da Costa Ferreira et al[132]	35	Male	RT-PCR	Severe	Presence	1669/NA	Diffuse pancreatic enlargement, peripancreatic inflammatory change, fluid collection normal gallbladder and biliary tract	CT	Severe	Conservative	Alive
78	Sánchez-Gollarte et al[133]	60	Male	Serological IgG	Severe	Presence	4530/2220	Diffuse pancreatic enlargement, peripancreatic inflammatory change, fluid collection, necrotic pancreatitis	CT	Severe	Drainage of abdominal cavity	Alive
79	Sudarsanam et al[134]	35	Male	RT-PCR	Non-severe	Presence	Normal/normal	Peripancreatic inflammatory change, fluid collection, necrotic pancreatitis of tail	CT	NA	Conservative	Alive
80	Faghih Dinevari et al[135]	18	Female	RT-PCR	Non-severe	Presence	1288/1541	Diffuse pancreatic enlargement, peripancreatic inflammatory change, fluid collection	CT	Mild	Conservative	Alive
81	Goldstein et al[136]	11	Male	Serological IgG	Severe	Presence	1607/2434	Peripancreatic inflammatory change, fluid collection, necrotic pancreatitis	MRI	Moderate	Conservative	Alive
82	Gadiparthi et al[137]	74	Female	RT-PCR	Non-severe	Presence	229/7550	Peripancreatic inflammatory change	CT	Mild	Conservative	Alive

RT-PCR: Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; IgG: Immunoglobulin G; SARS-CoV-2: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; AUS: Abdominal ultrasonography; CT: Computed tomography; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; NA: Not available.