Review on acute pancreatitis attributed to COVID-19 infection

Table 1 Demographic characteristic of cases with suspected coronavirus disease 2019-attributed acute pancreatitis

Patient characteristics	Value
Age, median (range, yr)	42.0 (6-87)
Gender, male/female/NA	37/44/1
Comorbidities
Hypertension	22
Diabetes	15
Dyslipidemia	4
Heart disease	3
Cerebrovascular	0
Respiratory disease	4
Renal dysfunction	5
Obesity	16
Pregnancy	2
Malignancy	2
History of abdominal surgery	13
Others	10
Alcohol consumption, none/low/heavy/NA	53/9/0/20
History of smoking, never/experience/current/NA	32/2/0/48
Severity of COVID-19
Non-severe/severe/critical/NA	35/23/20/4
Symptoms
Fever	49
Breath shortness	16
Cough	28
Dyspnea	18
Sore throat	18
Fatigue	9
Headache	7
Myalgia	10
Anorexia	13
Diarrhea	16
Abdominal pain	75
Nausea	39
Vomiting	48
Others	23
Blood test
WBC, median (range, × 103/mm3)	13.10 (3.40-230.00)
PLT, median (range, × 103/mm3)	235.5 (52.0-502.0)
D-Dimer, median (range, μg/mL)	4.9 (0.3-17.7)
Amylase, median (range, U/L)	635 (47-4530)
Lipase, median (range, U/L)	895.5 (35.6-11920.0)
LDH, median (range, U/L)	366.0 (170-3553)
CRP, median (range, mg/dL)	8.5 (0.3-59.7)
Imaging findings (n = 75)
Pancreatic enlargement	42
Peripancreatic fluid collection	33
Peripancreatic inflammatory change	48
Pancreatic ischemic change	12
No change of pancreas	6
Not visualized	2
Severity of acute pancreatitis
Mild/moderate/severe/NA	28/20/28/6
Therapy for COVID-19
Lopinavir/ritonavir	4
Favipiravir	4
Umifenovir	2
Remdesivir	8
Hydroxychloroquine	2
Tocilizumab	2
Corticosteroid (n = 53)	21
Oxygen therapy (n = 69)	42
Mechanical ventilation	19
Therapy for acute pancreatitis
Conservative therapy/surgical drainage/NA	72/4/6
Period of hospitalization, median (range, day)	7.5 (2-76)
Prognosis
Alive/death/NA	69/10/3

RT-PCR: Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; IgM: Immunoglobulin M; IgG: Immunoglobulin G; WBC: White blood cell; PLT: Platelet; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase; CRP: C-reactive protein; NA: Not available; SARS-CoV-2: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019.