Antibiotics, gut microbiota, and irritable bowel syndrome: What are the relations?

Table 2 Compositional changes in gut microbiota in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (common threads)

Ref.	Subjects	Method	Specimen	Diversity	Faecalibacterium	Enterobacteriaceae	Bifidobacterium	Lactobacillus
Dior et al[145], 2016	IBS-D (n = 16), IBS-C (n =15), Controls (n = 15)	Real-time PCR	Stool	No data	−	↑ in IBS-D (Escherichia)	↑ in IBS-C	−
Ringel-Kulka et al[108], 2016	IBS (n = 56), Controls (n = 20)	16S rRNA	Stool	No data	−	−	−	↑
Maharshak et al[102], 2018	IBS-D (n = 23), Controls (n = 24)	16S rRNA	Stool	↓1	↓	↑ (unclassified genus)	−	−
			Colonic biopsy	−1	−	−	−	↑
Gobert et al[146], 2016	IBS-C (n = 33), Controls (n = 58)	16S rRNA	Stool	No data	−	↑	↓	−
Shukla et al[105], 2015	IBS (n = 47), Controls (n = 30)	16S rRNA; real-time PCR	Stool	No data	−	−	↓	−
Su et al[107], 2018	IBS-D (n = 40), Controls (n = 20)	16S rRNA; real-time PCR	Stool	No data	−	−	↓	↓
Zhuang et al[109], 2018	IBS-D (n = 30), Controls (n = 13)	16S rRNA	Stool	−2	−	−	−	↓
Zhong et al[147], 2019	IBS-D (n = 20), Controls (n = 16)	FISH	Colonic biopsy	No data	−	↑ (E. coli)	↓	−
Jeffery et al[100], 2020	IBS (n = 80), Controls (n = 65)	16S rRNA, shotgun sequencing	Stool	↓2	−	−	−	−
Rangel et al[148], 2015	IBS (n = 33), Controls (n = 16)	Microarray analysis	Stool	↓2	↓ (F. prausnitzii)	−	−	−
			Colonic biopsy	−2	−	−	−	−

¹Rarefaction analysis.

²Shannon diversity index.

↓: Decreased abundance; ↑: Increased abundance; –: No significant differences found; IBS: Irritable bowel syndrome; IBS-D: Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome; IBS-C: Constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome; FISH: Fluorescence in situ hybridization; E. coli: Escherichia coli; F. prausnitzii: Faecalibacterium prausnitzii.