Digestive system involvement and clinical outcomes among COVID-19 patients: A retrospective cohort study from Qatar

Table 6 Multivariate analysis of risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019 at presentation and clinical outcomes, n (%)

	Multivariate analysis
Risk factors	Adjusted odds ratio	P value
	Death
Age > 65 yr	7.53 (3.09-18.29)	< 0.001
	Disease severity at presentation
Hypertension	1.68 (1.08-2.60)	0.021
Diabetes mellitus	1.92 (1.28-2.87)	0.002
GI symptoms	1.66 (1.09-2.52)	0.017
Smoking	1.62 (1.01-2.63)	0.049
	ICU admission
Age > 65 yr	1.79 (1.13-2.83)	0.012
Sex	1.82 (1.05-3.15)	0.033
Fever	2.14 (1.24-3.69)	0.006
Shortness of breath	2.90 (1.99-4.24)	< 0.001
Hypertension	1.82 (1.17-2.84)	0.008
	Mechanical ventilation
Age > 65 yr	1.89 (1.94-2.99)	0.007
Sex	1.88 (1.02-3.45)	0.043
Fever	3.16 (1.63-6.09)	0.001
Shortness of breath	2.36 (1.57-3.55)	< 0.001
Hypertension	1.66 (1.05-2.62)	0.028
Vomiting	2.03 (1.10-3.75)	0.023

GI: Gastrointestinal; ICU: Intensive care unit.