Digestive system involvement and clinical outcomes among COVID-19 patients: A retrospective cohort study from Qatar

doi:10.3748/wjg.v27.i46.7995

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Retrospective Cohort Study

World J Gastroenterol. Dec 14, 2021; 27(46): 7995-8009
Published online Dec 14, 2021. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i46.7995

Table 3 Laboratory and radiological findings of coronavirus disease 2019 patients with and without gastrointestinal symptoms, n (%)

Parameters	Total	With GI symptoms (n = 163)	Without GI symptoms (n = 438)	P value
Hematological parameters
Hemoglobin gm/dL	14.0 (12.7-15.0)	13.9 (12.7-15.0)	14.0 (12.7-15.1)	0.590
Hematocrit	42.1 (39.0-45.2)	42.0 (38.7-45.0)	42.3 (39.1-45.3)	0.010
WBC (10³/L)	6.3 (4.9-8.6)	6.2 (4.6-8.6)	6.4 (5.0-8.5)	0.595
Neutrophils (10³/L)	4.3 (3.1-6.6)	4.4 (2.9-6.5)	4.3 (3.1-6.6)	0.617
Lymphocytes (10³/L)	1.2 (0.8-1.6)	1.1 (0.8-1.6)	1.2 (0.8-1.6)	0.987
Eosinophils (10³/L)	0 (0-0.02)	0 (0-0)	0 (0-0.05)	0.643
Monocytes (10³/L)	0.4 (0.3-0.6)	0.4 (0.3-0.6)	0.4 (0.3-0.6)	0.919
Platelets (10³/L)	211 (169-261)	202 (155-257)	215 (170-261)	0.961
Coagulation function
INR	1.1 (1.0-1.2)	1.1 (1.0-1.2)	1.1 (1.0-1.2)	0.486
Blood biochemistry
BUN (mmol/L)	4.0 (3.0-5.3)	3.8 (2.4-5.2)	4.1 (3.1-5.3)	0.758
Creatinine (mol/L)	85 (70-102)	86 (69-101)	84 (70-103)	0.407
Sodium (mmol/L)	136 (133-138)	135 (132-137)	136 (133-138)	0.225
ALT (U/L)	32 (22-51)	34 (22-56)	32 (22-49)	0.043^a
AST (U/L)	37 (25-59)	42 (28-69)	36 (24-55)	0.116
ALK-P (U/L)	70 (57-88)	71 (58-88)	70 (57-89)	0.199
Bilirubin (mol/L)	9 (6-12)	8 (7-12)	9 (6-12)	0.438
Albumin (gm/L)	36 (31-39)	35 (30-38)	36 (32-39)	0.058
Glucose (mmol/L)	6.6 (5.4-9.0)	6.7 (5.5-9.0)	6.6 (5.4-9.0)	0.708
Lactate (mmol/L)	1.3 (1.0-1.8)	1.4 (1.1-1.9)	1.2 (1.1-1.8)	0.297
CK (U/L)	218 (72-481)	147 (84-518)	237 (68-477)	0.455
Amylase (U/L)	48 (25-124)	47 (23-119)	47 (28-109)	0.604
Lipase (U/L)	55 (35-129)	56 (35-152)	54 (36-103)	0.648
Troponin-T (ng/L)	10 (6-26)	10 (6-17)	11 (6-26)	0.296
LDH (U/L)	436 (305-559)	446 (337-578)	435 (302-547)	0.167
Infection-related biomarkers
CRP (mg/L)	55.3 (16.0-113.7)	55.5 (24.9-113.7)	55.3 (13.2-113.7)	0.614
Procalcitonin (ng/ml)	0.21 (0.10-0.68)	0.21 (0.10-0.50)	0.21 (0.10-0.70)	0.789
Ferritin (g/L)	659 (327-1229)	805 (450-1475)	618 (289-1154)	0.561
Liver injury at admission				0.059
None	272 (45.87)	65 (40.37)	207 (47.92)
Abnormality < 2 × ULN	218 (36.76)	61 (37.89)	157 (36.34)
Mild	85 (14.33)	30 (18.63)	55 (12.73)
Moderate	15 (2.53)	5 (3.11)	10 (2.31)
Severe	2 (0.34)	0 (0.00)	2 (0.46)
Liver injury during hospitalization				0.302
None	107 (19.60)	26 (16.56)	81 (20.88)
Abnormality < 2 × ULN	163 (29.91)	51 (32.48)	112 (28.87)
Mild 2-5 ×	171 (31.40)	44 (28.03)	127 (32.73)
Moderate 5-10 ×	63 (11.56)	21 (13.38)	42 (10.82)
Severe > 10 ×	41 (7.52)	15 (9.55)	26 (6.70)
Radiological findings
X-ray chest				0.286
Not done	2 (0.3)	0 (0.0)	2 (0.5)
Normal	141 (23.5)	35 (21.6)	107 (24.3)
Unilateral PNA	100 (16.6)	24 (14.8)	76 (17.2)
Bilateral PNA	328 (54.6)	96 (59.3)	232 (52.6)
Ground glass	29 (4.8)	7 (4.3)	22 (5.0)

WBC: White blood cells; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; INR: International normalized ratio; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase, ALK-P: Alkaline phosphatase; CK: Creatine Kinase; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase; CRP: C-reactive protein; ULN: Upper limit of normal; PNA: Pneumonia; GI: Gastrointestinal.

Full Size Table

Citation: Khan MU, Mushtaq K, Alsoub DH, Iqbal P, Ata F, Chaudhry HS, Iqbal F, Balaraju G, Maslamani MAA, Varughese B, Singh R, Ejji KA, Kaabi SA, Kamel YM, Butt AA. Digestive system involvement and clinical outcomes among COVID-19 patients: A retrospective cohort study from Qatar. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27(46): 7995-8009
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v27/i46/7995.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v27.i46.7995

Khan MU, Mushtaq K, Alsoub DH, Iqbal P, Ata F, Chaudhry HS, Iqbal F, Balaraju G, Maslamani MAA, Varughese B, Singh R, Ejji KA, Kaabi SA, Kamel YM, Butt AA. Digestive system involvement and clinical outcomes among COVID-19 patients: A retrospective cohort study from Qatar. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27(46): 7995-8009 [PMID: 35046626 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i46.7995]

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