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©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Gastroenterol. Dec 14, 2021; 27(46): 7995-8009
Published online Dec 14, 2021. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i46.7995
Published online Dec 14, 2021. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i46.7995
Table 1 Demographic and epidemiological characteristics and presenting symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 patients with and without gastrointestinal symptoms, n (%)
| Characteristics | Overall (n = 601) | With GI (n = 163) | Without GI (n = 438) | P value |
| Age (yr) | 46.20 13.66 | 46.45 13.76 | 46.12 13.64 | 0.728 |
| Sex, male | 513 (85.4) | 136 (83.4) | 377 (85.9) | 0.515 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.55 (24.90-31.00) | 27.49 (24.40-30.60) | 27.55 (24.90-31.00) | 0.811 |
| Duration of symptoms (d) | 4.24 2.53 | 4.81 2.51 | 4.04 2.51 | 0.002a |
| Nationality | 0.765 | |||
| Qatar | 67 (11.1) | 17 (25.4) | 50 (74.6) | |
| India | 127 (21.1) | 27 (21.3) | 100 (78.7) | |
| Nepal | 89 (14.8) | 23 (25.8) | 66 (74.2) | |
| Bangladesh | 105 (17.5) | 33 (31.4) | 72 (68.6) | |
| Pakistan | 48 (8.0) | 14 (29.2) | 43 (70.8) | |
| Philippines | 56 (9.3) | 18 (32.1) | 38 (67.9) | |
| Arab countries | 60 (9.9) | 16 (26.7) | 44 (73.3) | |
| Others | 49 (8.15) | 15 (30.6) | 34 (69.4) | |
| Presenting symptoms | ||||
| Fever | 478 (79.7) | 130 (79.7) | 348 (79.1) | 0.147 |
| Cough | 455 (75.7) | 112 (68.7) | 343 (77.8) | 0.016a |
| Sputum | 75 (12.5) | 23 (14.1) | 52 (11.8) | 0.483 |
| Shortness of breath | 303 (50.2) | 84 (51.5) | 219 (49.7) | 0.412 |
| Sore throat | 146 (24.3) | 37 (22.7) | 109 (24.7) | 0.747 |
| Nasal obstruction | 51 (8.5) | 18 (11.0) | 33 (7.5) | 0.359 |
| Fatigue | 163 (27.1) | 79 (48.5) | 84 (19.1) | < 0.001a |
| Myalgia | 182 (30.3) | 63 (38.7) | 119 (27.0) | 0.007 a |
| Anosmia | 303 (50.2) | 86 (52.8) | 217 (49.5) | 0.424 |
| Exposure history | ||||
| Smoking | 62 (10.1) | 24 (14.9) | 38 (8.7) | 0.199 |
| Ex-smoker | 7 (1.2) | 3 (1.9) | 4 (0.9) | |
| Alcohol | 44 (7.3) | 9 (5.6) | 35 (8.3) | 0.28 |
| Travel history | 43 (7.2) | 9 (5.6) | 34 (7.8) | 0.456 |
| Sick contact | 142 (23.6) | 34 (20.9) | 108 (24.6) | 0.533 |
| Family cluster | 27 (4.6) | 10 (6.3) | 17 (3.4) | 0.477 |
| Pre-existing conditions | ||||
| No. of comorbid conditions | 0.39 | |||
| 0 | 261 (43.4) | 72 (43.6) | 189 (43.0) | |
| 1-2 | 203 (33.8) | 53 (32.1) | 150 (32.2) | |
| > 2 | 137 (22.8) | 38 (24.9) | 99 (22.1) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 242 (40.3) | 72 (44.2) | 170 (38.6) | 0.327 |
| Hypertension | 209 (34.6) | 52 (31.9) | 157 (35.6) | 0.536 |
| Coronary artery disease | 46 (7.7) | 6 (3.7) | 40 (9.1) | 0.622 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 47 (7.8) | 12 (7.4) | 35 (8.0) | 0.882 |
| Chronic liver disease | 6 (1.0) | 2 (1.2) | 4 (0.9) | < 0.001a |
| Malignancy | 12 (2.0) | 4 (2.5) | 8 (1.8) | < 0.001a |
| Lung disease | 35 (5.8) | 8 (4.9) | 27 (6.1) | < 0.001a |
| Immunosuppression | 20 (3.3) | 7 (4.3) | 13 (3.0) | < 0.001a |
| Disease severity at admission | 0.0024a | |||
| Asymptomatic | 48 (8.0) | 2 (1.2) | 46 (10.5) | |
| Mild | 109 (18.1) | 32 (19.6) | 77 (17.7) | |
| Moderate | 291 (48.4) | 75 (46.0) | 216 (49.1) | |
| Severe | 70 (11.6) | 26 (15.9) | 44 (10.0) | |
| Critical | 83 (13.8) | 28 (17.2) | 55 (12.5) | |
| Severe–non severe | 153(25.5) | 54 (33.1) | 99 (22.5) | < 0.001a |
- Citation: Khan MU, Mushtaq K, Alsoub DH, Iqbal P, Ata F, Chaudhry HS, Iqbal F, Balaraju G, Maslamani MAA, Varughese B, Singh R, Ejji KA, Kaabi SA, Kamel YM, Butt AA. Digestive system involvement and clinical outcomes among COVID-19 patients: A retrospective cohort study from Qatar. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27(46): 7995-8009
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v27/i46/7995.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v27.i46.7995