Multimodality management of gallbladder cancer can lead to a better outcome: Experience from a tertiary care oncology centre in North India

Table 1 Histopathological and perioperative details of resectable gallbladder patients (n = 172)

Patient characteristic	n (%)
Type of surgery
Wedge resection	93 (54)
Anatomical segment IVb/V resection	66 (38.4)
Modified extended right hepatectomy	12 (7)
Lap cholecystectomy	1 (0.6)
Histology
Adenocarcinoma	160 (93)
Adenosquamous	9 (5.2)
Carcinosarcoma	2 (1.2)
Squamous	1 (0.6)
Histological grade
Well differentiated	33 (19.2)
Moderately differentiated	116 (67.4)
Poorly differentiated	23 (13.4)
pT stage
T1	25 (14.5)
T2	70 (40.7)
T3	73 (42.4)
T4	4 (2.4)
pN stage
N0	117 (68)
N+	55 (32)
LVI positive	54 (31.4)
PNI positive	56 (32.5)
IAC positive	15 (8.7)
R0/R1 resection
R0	161 (93.6)
R1	11 (6.4) [liver (n = 4), cystic duct (n = 4), bile duct (n = 3)]
Final stage (AJCC 8th)
I	21 (12.2)
II	45 (26.2)
III	73 (42.4)
IV	33 (19.2)
Postoperative morbidity
Overall	53 (30.8)
Clavien-Dindo grade III & above	21 (12.2)
Bile leak	14 (8.1)
Clinically significant	5 (2.9)
90 d mortality	8 (4.6)
Adjuvant therapy	117/147 (79.6)
Chemotherapy only	80
Chemoradiotherapy	37
Advised but not taken/incomplete	30
Not indicated	25

AJCC: American Joint Committee on Cancer; IAC: Inter-aortocaval lymphnode; LVI: Lymphovascular invasion; PNI: Perineural invasion.