Hepatic and gastrointestinal disturbances in Egyptian patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019: A multicentre cohort study

doi:10.3748/wjg.v27.i40.6951

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Oct 28, 2021 (publication date) through May 10, 2024

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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World J Gastroenterol. Oct 28, 2021; 27(40): 6951-6966
Published online Oct 28, 2021. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i40.6951

Table 5 Univariate analysis for factors affecting the outcome, n (%)

Variable		Outcome				P value
Variable		Death	Recovery	Total
Age	< 18 yr	0 (0.0)	20 (100.0)	20 (100.0)	< 0.001
	18-60 yr	25 (6.1)	384 (93.9)	409 (100.0)
	> 60 yr	27 (23.5)	88 (76.5)	115 (100.0)
Gender	Male	29 (9.7)	270 (90.3)	299 (100.0)	0.94
Gender	Female	23 (9.4)	221 (90.6)	244 (100.0)	0.94
BMI (mean ± SD)		24.90 ± 2.08	28.11 ± 4.9		0.36
Cigarette smoking		2 (9.5)	19 (90.5)	21 (100.0)	0.64
Diabetes mellitus		17 (12.6)	118 (87.4)	135 (100.0)	0.17
Hypertension		17 (13.2)	112 (86.8)	129 (100.0)	0.11
Pulmonary diseases		2 (40.0)	3 (60.0)	5 (100.0)	0.07
Symptoms	Asymptomatic	1 (0.9)	116 (99.1)	117 (100.0)	< 0.001
	Respiratory	47 (12.8)	320 (87.2)	367 (100.0)	0.17
	GIT	4 (6.7)	56 (93.3)	60 (100.0)	0.17
	Fever	43 (14.5)	254 (85.5)	297 (100.0)	< 0.001
	Headache	16 (10.3)	140 (89.7)	156 (100.0)	0.73
	Dry cough	40 (14.0)	245 (86.0)	285 (100.0)	< 0.001
	Dyspnea	38 (21.5)	139 (78.5)	177 (100.0)	< 0.001
	Sore throat	2 (2.3)	86 (97.7)	88 (100.0)	0.01
	Diarrhoea	2 (3.8)	50 (96.2)	52 (100.0)	0.21
Steroids		18 (14.2)	109 (85.8)	127 (100.0)	0.04
Lactoferrin		1 (2.2)	45 (97.8)	46 (100.0)	0.11
Hydroxy-chloroquine		12 (8.8)	124 (91.2)	136 (100.0)	0.74
Chloroquine sulphate		26 (8.3)	287 (91.7)	313 (100.0)	0.25
Vitamin C		22 (6.5)	318 (93.5)	340 (100.0)	0.002
Azithromycin		5 (4.1)	117 (95.9)	122 (100.0)	0.02
Other antibiotic		21 (10.9)	171 (89.1)	192 (100.0)	0.42
Subcutaneous heparin		43 (19.4)	179 (80.6)	222 (100.0)	< 0.001
Oral anticoagulants		0 (0.0)	33 (100.0)	33 (100.0)	0.06
COVID-19 disease classification	Mild	1 (0.4)	247 (99.6)	248 (100.0)	< 0.001
	Moderate	7 (4.0)	169 (96.0)	176 (100.0)
	Severe	10 (17.2)	48 (82.8)	58 (100.0)
	Critical	34 (55.7)	27 (44.3)	61 (100.0)
CT chest	Normal	4 (2.0)	194 (98.0)	198 (100.0)	< 0.001
CT chest	Abnormal	48 (14.2)	290 (85.8)	338 (100.0)	< 0.001
Lug consolidation		29 (42.6)	39 (57.4)	68 (100.0)	< 0.001
ICU admission		45 (37.2)	76 (62.8)	121 (100.0)	< 0.001
Fibrosis 4-score	< 1.45	17 (6.1)	263 (93.9)	280 (100.0)	< 0.001
	1.45:3.25	16 (15.1)	90 (84.9)	106 (100.0)
	> 3.25	14 (38.9)	22 (61.1)	36 (100.0)
Creatinine	Normal	35 (7.3)	445 (92.7)	480 (100.0)	< 0.001
	1-2 UNL	14 (25.9)	40 (74.1)	54 (100.0)
	2-3 UNL	1 (50.0)	1 (50.0)	2 (100.0)
	> 3UNL	2 (28.6)	5 (71.4)	7 (100.0)
Urea	Normal	24 (7.5)	295 (92.5)	319 (100.0)	< 0.001
	1-2 UNL	18 (26.5)	50 (73.5)	68 (100.0)
	2-3 UNL	3 (37.5)	5 (62.5)	8 (100.0)
	> 3UNL	4 (44.4)	5 (55.6)	9 (100.0)
Estimated-glomerular filtration rate	< 15	2 (28.6)	5 (71.4)	7 (100.0)	< 0.001
	15:29	4 (50.0)	4 (50.0)	8 (100.0)
	30:44	4 (22.2)	14 (77.8)	18 (100.0)
	45:59	10 (18.2)	45 (81.8)	55 (100.0)
	60:89	17 (8.6)	181 (91.4)	198 (100.0)
	≥ 90	15 (5.8)	243 (94.2)	258 (100.0)
Hemoglobin (gm/L)¹		12.35 (11.28:13.70)	12.60 (12.00: 13.90)	12.60 (12.00:13.90)	0.23
white blood cell count (× 10⁹)¹		8.95 (5.08:13.68)	5.00 (4.30:6.90)	5.00 (4.40:7.60)	< 0.001
Neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio		9.85 (5.14:14.85)	2.71 (1.56:5.14)	3.11 (1.56:6.16)	0.003
Platelet count¹		201.50 (182.25:278.50)	210.00 (187.00:271.50)	208.00 (184.00:272.00)	0.84
AST¹		43.00 (28.00:67.00)	26.00 (18.00:40.00)	28.00 (19.00:43.00)	< 0.001
ALT¹		31.00 (18.00:51.00)	26.70 (18.00:45.00)	27.00 (18.00:46.00)	0.35
Alkaline phosphatase¹		152.00 (49.00)	89.00 (71.50:114.00)	89.00 (71.00:114.50)	0.37
Total bilirubin¹		0.75 (0.70:0.80)	0.90 (0.60:1.20)	0.80 (0.60 :1.13)	0.38
Serum albumin¹		4.00 (2.60)	4.20 (3.80:4.50)	4.20 (3.80:4.50)	0.36
D-dimer¹		0.89 (0.40:1.96)	0.56 (0.40:1.05)	0.58 (0.40:1.10)	0.01
Ferritin¹		429.40 (200.00:957.00)	269.00 (125.80:550.00)	300.00 (132.80:590.00)	0.001
C-reactive protein¹		60.60 (32.00:64.00)	44.90 (7.00:64.00)	45.00 (8.25:64.00)	0.02

¹Data are presented as median (interquartile range). COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; AST: Aspartate transaminase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; IQR: Interquartile range; CT: Computed tomography; ICU: Intensive care unit; BMI: Body mass index; GIT: Gastrointestinal tract.

Citation: Shousha HI, Afify S, Maher R, Asem N, Fouad E, Mostafa EF, Medhat MA, Abdalazeem A, Elmorsy H, Aziz MM, Mohammed RS, Ibrahem M, Elgarem H, Omran D, Hassany M, Elsayed B, Abdelaziz AY, El Kassas M. Hepatic and gastrointestinal disturbances in Egyptian patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019: A multicentre cohort study. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27(40): 6951-6966
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v27/i40/6951.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v27.i40.6951