Could saline irrigation clear all residual common bile duct stones after lithotripsy? A self-controlled prospective cohort study

Table 1 Clinical and procedural characteristics of the patients

Patients	n = 47
Age (yr, mean ± SD)	61 ± 16.5
Male	23 (48.9%)
Stone size (mm)	14 (14-15)
Multiple CBD stones	36 (76.6%)
Diameter of CBD (mm)	15 (12-18)
Gallbladder stones	21 (44.7%)
Previous cholecystectomy	24 (51.1%)
Periampullary diverticulum	15 (31.9%)
Total bilirubin (µmol/L)	71.1 (64.9-107.9)
Comorbidities
Coronary disease	3 (6.4%)
Hypertension	14 (29.8%)
Diabetes	2 (4.3%)
Liver cirrhosis	3 (2.1%)
Portal hypertension	1 (6.4%)
ENBD	40 (85.1%)
Procedure time, min (mean ± SD)	40.3 ± 15.4
Stone texture
Hard stones	16 (34.0%)
Soft stones	31 (66.0%)
Stone compositions
Cholesterol-based stones	17 (36.2%)
Pigment-based stones	30 (63.8%)
Procedure-related adverse events
Cholangitis	4 (8.5%)
Oozing	2 (4.3%)
Pancreatitis	4 (8.5%)
Cholecystitis	1 (2.1%)
Perforation	0
Death	0

Data are expressed as the mean ± SD, median (interquartile range) or n (%). ENBD: Endoscopic nasobiliary drainage; CBD: Common bile duct.