Prognostic factors of minimally invasive surgery for gastric cancer: Does robotic gastrectomy bring oncological benefit?

Table 4 Factors associated with recurrence-free survival for patients with pathological stage II/III disease (n = 308)

	Univariate			Multivariate
	HR	95%CI	P	HR	95%CI	P
Age > 65 yr	1.04	0.73–1.48	0.848
Female sex	1.08	0.75–1.58	0.673
BMI > 23 kg/m2	0.69	0.47–1.00	0.052	0.92	0.62–1.35	0.657
ASA
1	1
2	0.82	0.56–1.19	0.297
3	1.07	0.63–1.80	0.809
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy	1.37	0.93–2.01	0.114
Robotic approach	0.50	0.30–0.83	0.007	0.56	0.33–0.96	0.035
Type of gastrectomy
Distal/pylorus-preserving	1			1
Total/proximal	1.67	1.18–2.37	0.004	1.32	0.91–1.90	0.145
D2 lymphadenectomy	1.26	0.80–2.00	0.320
Tumor > 30 mm	2.17	1.17–4.03	0.014	1.34	0.69–2.60	0.303
WHO histologic type
Tub/pap	1			1
Por/sig/mixed/other	1.38	0.95–2.00	0.089	1.29	0.88–1.90	0.197
pT
1	1			1
2	1.82	0.60–5.53	0.292	1.33	0.42–4.23	0.628
3	1.32	0.47–3.75	0.6	1.45	0.49–4.30	0.505
4	3.96	1.45–10.83	0.007	3.52	1.23–10.07	0.019
pN
0	1			1
1	2.07	1.16–3.69	0.014	2.86	1.57–5.24	0.001
2	2.24	1.29–3.90	0.004	2.45	1.38–4.34	0.002
3	3.74	2.21–6.32	< 0.001	3.25	1.88–5.61	< 0.001
Adjuvant chemotherapy	1.37	0.92–2.04	0.119
Morbidity (C-D grade ≥ III)	1.58	0.97–2.58	0.066	1.22	0.73–2.05	0.453

ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI: Body mass index; C–D: Clavien–Dindo classification; HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval.