Surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic viral hepatitis: Is it time to personalize it?

Table 2 Hepatocellular carcinoma prediction risk scores for chronic hepatitis B patients

Risk scores	Cohort: Patients/ratio of cirrhosis	Study population	Antiviral treatment	Variables	External validation
GAG-HCC (Yuen et al[26], 2009)	Training: 820/15%; Validation: -	Asian (Hong Kong)	No	Age; Gender; HBV-DNA; Cirrhosis	Asian, Caucasian
CU-HCC (Wong et al[27], 2010)	Training: 1055/38%; Validation: 428/16%	Asian (Hong Kong)	No	Age; Albumin; Bilirubin; HBV-DNA; Radiologic cirrhosis	Asian, Caucasian
REACH-B (Yang et al[29], 2011)	Training: 3584/0; Validation: 1505/18%	Asian (Taiwan)	No	Age; Gender; ALT; HBeAg status; HBV-DNA concentration	Asian, Caucasian
REACH-BII(Lee et al[30], 2013)	Training: 2227/0; Validation: 1113/0	Asian (Taiwan)	No	Age; Gender; ALT; HBeAg/HBV-DNA/HBsAg/Genotype status	- (Internal only)
mREACH-B (Lee et al[31], 2014)	Training: 192/46.9%; Validation: -	Asian (South Korea)	ETV	Gender; ALT; HBeAg status; LSM value	Asian
LSM-HCC (Wong et al[33], 2014)	Training: 1035/32%; Validation: 520/31%	Asian (Hong Kong)	No	Age; Albumin; HBV-DNA concentration; LSM value	Asian
RWS-HCC (Poh et al[34], 2016)	Training: 583/13.7%; Validation: 3353/NA	Asian (Singapore)	No	Age; Sex; Cirrhosis; AFP	Asian, Caucasian
PAGE-B (Papatheodoridis et al[39], 2016)	Training: 1325/20%; Validation: 490/48%	Caucasians (Europe)	ETV/TDF	Age; Gender; Platelet count	Asian, Caucasian
mPAGE-B (Kim et al[42], 2018)	Training: 2001/19%; Validation: 1000/20%	Asian (South Korea)	ETV/TDF	Age; Gender; Platelet count; Albumin	Asian
HCC-RESCUE (Sohn et al[44], 2017)	Training: 990/39%; Validation: 1071/35%	Asian (South Korea)	ETV	Age; Gender; Cirrhosis	Asian
APA-B (Chen et al[45], 2017)	Training: 883/36%; Validation: 442/236%	Asian (Taiwan)	ETV	Age; Platelet; AFP	Asian
HCC-ESC (Fung et al[35], 2018)	Training: 723/NA; Validation: -	Asian (Hong Kong)	No	Age; Gender; Cirrhosis; Hypoalbuminemia; HBV-DNA; ALT	-
CAMD (Hsu et al[46], 2018)	Training: 23851/26.4%; Validation: 19321/7.1%	Asian (Taiwan)	ETV/TDF	Age; Gender; Diabetes; Cirrhosis	Asian
AGED (Fan et al[36], 2019)	Training: 628/0%; Validation: 1663/0%	Asian (China)	No	Age; Gender; HBeAg status; HBV-DNA	- (Internal only)
AASL-HCC (Yu et al[47], 2019)	Training: 944/39%; Validation: 298/39%	Asian (South Korea)	ETV/TDF	Age; Gender; Albumin; Cirrhosis	Asian
REAL-B (Yang et al[48], 2020)	Training: 5365/20.2%; Validation: 2683/22.1%	Asian (Multiethnicity)	Yes (not specified)	Age; Gender; Alcohol use; Diabetes; Platelet count; Cirrhosis; AFP	- (Internal only)
HCC-ESCAVT (Lim et al[49], 2020)	Training: 769/41.5%; Validation: 1061/26.1%	Asian (South Korea)	ETV/TDF	Gender; Cirrhosis; Fibrosis-4 index	- (Internal only)

GAG-HCC: The guide with age, gender, hepatitis B virus DNA, core promoter mutations, and cirrhosis risk score; CU-HCC: Chinese University-hepatocellular carcinoma risk score; REACH-B: The risk estimation for hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B score; RWS: Real-world score; APA-B: Age, platelet, alpha-fetoprotein-B score; CAMD: Cirrhosis, age, male gender, diabetes score; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein, ALT: Alanine aminotransferase, HBeAg: Hepatitis B e Antigen, HBV: Hepatitis B virus, LSM: Liver stiffness measurement.