Minimally invasive image-guided therapy of primary and metastatic pancreatic cancer

Table 2 Studies evaluating microwave ablation of pancreatic cancer

Ref.	Patients	Survival	Procedure	Guidance	Major adverse events
Lygidakis et al[23], 2007	15	Up to 22 mo	Open	N/A	No
Carrafiello et al[21], 2013	10	80% at 1 yr	5 open, 5 percutaneous	US, US/CT	2
Vogl et al[24], 2018	20	N/A	Percutaneous	CT	No
Ierardi et al[22], 2018	5	N/A	Percutaneous	US	No

US: Ultrasound; CT: Computed tomography.