Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Gastroenterol. Jul 14, 2021; 27(26): 4104-4142
Published online Jul 14, 2021. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i26.4104
Table 1 Shared risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic kidney disease
Risk factors

Environmental toxinsArsenic
Cadmium
Aflatoxin
Aristolochic acid
Viral hepatitisHepatitis B virus
Hepatitis C virus
Metabolic syndrome and related disordersNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Diabetes mellitus
Vasoactive factorsRenin-angiotensin system activation