©The Author(s) 2021.
World J Gastroenterol. Jun 28, 2021; 27(24): 3440-3465
Published online Jun 28, 2021. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i24.3440
Published online Jun 28, 2021. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i24.3440
Table 8 Intestinal failure-associated liver disease risk factors in adult patients with home-based parenteral nutrition (adapted from Van Gossum et al[157], 2019)
| PN-related | Patient-related |
| Energy overfeeding | Lack of oral feeding |
| Glucose overload > 7 mg/kg/min | Short bowel syndrome (small bowel remnant < 50 cm) |
| Lipid emulsion overload | Inflammation/infection |
| Soya-based lipid emulsion > 1 g/kg/d | Sepsis (e.g., central venous catheter related) |
| Continuous infusion (24/24 h) | Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth |
| Contaminants (phytosterols) | Gut inflammation |
| Antioxidant deficiency | Viral infection (e.g., hepatitis B, C) |
| Nutrient deficiency (choline, carnitine, methionine, taurine, essential fatty acid deficiency, etc.) | Autoimmune |
| Hepatotoxic medications |
- Citation: Aksan A, Farrag K, Blumenstein I, Schröder O, Dignass AU, Stein J. Chronic intestinal failure and short bowel syndrome in Crohn’s disease. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27(24): 3440-3465
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v27/i24/3440.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v27.i24.3440