Development of a computed tomography-based radiomics nomogram for prediction of transarterial chemoembolization refractoriness in hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Patient characteristics

Characteristic	Training cohort		Validation cohort		P value
	n	%	n	%
Before treatment	137		81
Age (yr)					0.778
< 60	87	63	49	60
≥ 60	50	37	32	40
Sex					0.159
Male	91	67	45	55
Female	46	33	36	45
HBsAg status					0.950
Positive	110	80	65	80
Negative	27	20	16	20
Child-Pugh class					0.879
A	84	61	51	62
B	53	39	30	38
Largest tumor size (mean ± SD, cm)					0.321
< 5	91	66	47	58
≥ 5	46	34	34	42
Tumor distribution					0.360
Solitary	89	64	45	56
Multiple	48	36	36	44
BCLC stage					0.249
A	20	15	16	19
B	117	85	65	81
AFP (IU/mL)					0.410
< 200	29	21	21	26
≥ 200	108	79	60	74
ECOG performance status score					0.321
0	42	30	31	38
1	85	62	43	53
2	10	8	7	9
AST (U/L)					0.106
< 40	50	36	37	46
≥ 40	87	64	44	54
Irregular tumor margin					0.579
Absent	62	45	33	41
Present	75	55	48	59
Capsule					0.165
Absent	67	48	31	38
Present	70	52	50	62

BCLC: Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; AFP: Alpha fetoprotein; ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.