Biomarkers in autoimmune pancreatitis and immunoglobulin G4-related disease

Figure 1 Immunopathogenesis of autoimmune pancreatitis and immunoglobulin G4-related disease. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells produce interferon-α and interleukin-33 and thereby mediate chronic fibroinflammatory responses in the pancreas. T helper type 2 cells expressing GATA-binding protein 3, regulatory T cells expressing forkhead box P3, follicular helper T cells expressing B cell lymphoma 6, and CD4⁺ cytotoxic T cells expressing T-box-expressed-in-T-cells are involved in the development of autoimmune pancreatitis and immunoglobulin G4-related disease. IgG4: Immunoglobulin G4; pDCs: Plasmacytoid dendritic cells; IFN: Interferon; IL: Interleukin; Th2: T helper type 2 cells; Tregs: Regulatory T cells; GATA3: GATA-binding protein 3; FOXP3: Forkhead box P3; Tfh: Follicular helper T; BCL6: B cell lymphoma 6; T-bet: T-box-expressed-in-T-cells.