Lipotoxic hepatocyte-derived exosomal miR-1297 promotes hepatic stellate cell activation through the PTEN signaling pathway in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease

Figure 1 Identification of exosomes derived from primary hepatocytes. A: Exosomes derived from primary hepatocytes (Exo-PHC) were visualized by electronic microscopy (× 30000); B: Nanoparticle tracking analysis for Exo-PHC; C: The concentration of Exo-PHC was measured. Exosomes derived from vehicle control (Exo-CN) treated PHC: 2.92 ± 0.32 × 10¹⁰ particles/mL vs exosomes derived from palmitic acid (Exo-PA) treated PHC: 3.62 ± 0.22 × 10¹⁰ particles/mL; D: Exosomal markers CD63 and TSG101 were detected by western blot in Exo-PHC. Statistical significance, ^aP < 0.05.