Intracellular interferon signalling pathways as potential regulators of covalently closed circular DNA in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B

Table 1 Treatment outcomes of nucleoside/nucleotide analogue and interferon therapy

Ref.	Treatment		% loss of HBV markers				% seroconvert		% normal ALT	% HBV reactivation
	n	Schedule	HBs	HBe	rcDNA	cccDNA	α-HBs	α-HBe
Reijnders et al[131]	132	NA: 16-43 mo	3	42	-	-	-	35	-	56
Song et al[132]	98	NA: 6-22 mo	-	35	-	-	-	35	-	49
Jeng et al[133]	691	NA: 1-8 yr	6	n.a.	n.a.	-	4	n.a.	-	79
Liem et al[134]	45	NA: ≥ 1 yr	2	n.a.	-	-	-	-	-	71
	22	NA: ≥ 2 yr	4	n.a.	-	-	-	-	-	18
Marcellin et al[135]	181	NA: 48 wk	0	n.a.	29	-	0	-	44	-
	177	PEG-IFN: 48 wk	4	n.a.	43	-	3	-	59	-
Lau et al[136]	272	NA: 48 wk	0	21	22	-	0	19	28	-
	271	PEG-IFN: 48 wk	3	34	32	-	3	32	41	-
van Zonneveld et al[137]	165	IFN: 16 wk	23	33	43	-	-	-	62	13
Niederau et al[138]	103	IFN: 4-6 mo	10	51	51	-	-	51	50	-
	53	Untreated	0	13	9	-	-	-	9	-
Liu et al[139]	38	IFN: 48 wk	-	-	-	47	-	-	Low	-
	38	PEG-IFN: 48 wk	-	-	-	63	-	-	High	-

HBV: Hepatitis B virus; rcDNA: Relaxed circular DNA; cccDNA: Covalently closed circular DNA; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; NA: Nucleoside/nucleotide analogue; PEG: Pegylated form; IFN: Interferon; n.a.: Not applicable.