Proteomic insights on the metabolism in inflammatory bowel disease

Table 1 Biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease

Marker	Setting	Diagnostic accuracy	Ref.
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)	Serum	Higher in CD vs UC	Henriksen et al[24], 2008
		25% IBD patients have levels above normal	Vermeire et al[22], 2004
Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae Antibodies (ASCA)	Serum	39%-79% CD positive	Peyrin-Biroulet et al[25], 2015;
		5%-15% UC positive	Reumaux et al[26], 2004
		14%-18% HC positive	Bennike et al[27], 2014
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)	Serum	Different pattern in CD and UC	Peeters et al[31], 2001;
			Peyrin-Biroulet et al[30], 2007;
			Reumaux et al[29], 2003
		32% HC positive	Bernstein et al[32], 2011
Calprotectin	Colorectal mucus	Higher in IBD vs HC	Loktionov et al[79], 2016
		Higher in UC vs CD
Calgranulin C (S100A12)		Higher in UC vs CD
Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN)		Higher in IBD vs HC
		Higher in UC vs CD
Fecal calprotectin (FC)	Stool	It correlates with disease activity in adults	Gisbert et al[35], 2009
Lactoferrin	Stool	It distinguishes IBD from IBS	Bennike et al[27], 2014

CD: Crohn’s disease; UC: Ulcerative colitis; HC: Healthy controls; IBS: Irritable bowel syndrome; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease.