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Copyright ©The Author(s) 2020.
World J Gastroenterol. Dec 21, 2020; 26(47): 7485-7496
Published online Dec 21, 2020. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i47.7485
Table 1 Studies assessing the prevalence of invasive fungal disease in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure
Ref.Study designDiagnostic criteria for IFDPrevalence of IFDOutcomeRisk factors for IFD
Verma et al[11], 2019Single-center, retrospective study on ICU patients from IndiaEORTC/MSG diagnostic criteria39/264 (14.7%). 11 (28%) proven. 25 (64%) IC and 14 (36%) IAIn-hospital mortality 77%Hemodialysis. Prior antibiotic use
Fernández et al[12], 2018Multi-center, prospective study on non-ICU ACLF patients across EuropeEORTC/MSG diagnostic criteria8/407 (1.9%). 7 (87%) IC. 1 (13%) IA28-d and 90-d mortality 57% and 71%, respectivelyNR
Theocharidou et al[13]1, 2016Analysis from prospectively collected database on ICU patients across the United KingdomEORTC/MSG diagnostic criteria (only proven IFD considered for the analysis)8/782 (1%)In-ICU and in-hospital mortality 0%NR
Chen et al[14]2, 2013Retrospective single center study from China on IAEORTC/MSG diagnostic criteria39/787 (4.9%)Cumulative mortality 61%Age. Hepatic encephalopathy. Steroid use
Lin et al[15]2, 2013Single center retrospective study from non-ICU hepatitis B cirrhotic patients from ChinaEORTC/MSG diagnostic criteria60/126 (47.6%). Proven IFD: 14 (23%). 9 (64%) C. Albicans 2 (14%) Criptococcus neoformans: 1 (7%) C. Tropicalis; 1 (7%) C. Glabrata; 1 (7%) IACumulative mortality 40%Hepatitis B viral load
Levesque et al[16], 2019Single center retrospective study on ICU patients with cirrhosis and IA in FranceEORTC/MSG diagnostic criteria60/362 (16.6%). 43/60 (71.7%) fulfilled ACLF criteria. 17/60 (28%) had IAIA associated cumulative in-hospital mortality 71%NR