Extrahepatic bile duct reconstruction in pigs with heterogenous animal-derived artificial bile ducts: A preliminary experience

Figure 2 Surgical procedures of extrahepatic common bile duct reconstruction. A: End-to-end anastomosis was carried out between the proximal stump of the common bile duct (CBD) and the animal-derived artificial bile duct (2 cm in length) after resection of a 2 cm distal CBD segment (group A); B: End-to-side anastomosis was performed between the distal stump of the animal-derived artificial bile duct and the duodenum to complete the repairment of the distal CBD defect (group A); C and D: End-to-end anastomoses were conducted between the stumps of CBD and the animal-derived artificial bile duct (2 cm in length) to repair the 2 cm intermedial CBD defect (group B).