Nimbolide inhibits tumor growth by restoring hepatic tight junction protein expression and reduced inflammation in an experimental hepatocarcinogenesis

Figure 4 Nimbolide ameliorates hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress in diethylnitrosamine and N-nitrosomorpholine hepatocellular carcinoma mice. A-C: Hepatic protein expression levels of nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, interleukin 1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha by western blot in naive and experimental groups; D: Representative images of 4-Hydroxynonenal (4HNE) immunostaining of mice liver from naive and experimental groups (200 × magnification); E: Quantification of 4HNE positive nuclei in experimental groups by counting five 400 × fields of each liver section. Scale bar: 200 μm; all the data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 3). The comparison between the groups was analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison post-hoc test or Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison post-hoc test. ^aP < 0.01, ^bP < 0.001 compared to naïve group; ^dP < 0.05, ^eP < 0.01 compared to hepatocellular carcinoma group. NF-κB: Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells; IL-1β: Interleukin 1 beta; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor alpha; 4HNE: 4-Hydroxynonenal; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.