High mortality associated with gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infection in liver transplant recipients undergoing immunosuppression reduction

Table 3 Relationship of clinical and therapeutic variables with outcomes in patients with Gram-negative bacterial infections, n (%)

Variable	30 d mortality, n = 11	30 d survival, n = 17	P value
Age in yr, mean ± SD	48.09 ± 15.4	47.29 ± 12.2	0.88
Female sex	2 (18.2)	6 (35.3)	0.419
Etiology of liver transplant
Hepatocellular carcinoma	13 (31.0)	7 (25.0)	0.419
Hepatitis B virus	20 (47.6)	13 (46.4)	0.934
BSI source, episodes
Primary	0	2 (11.8)	0.505
Respiratory tract	3 (27.3)	2 (11.8)	0.353
Intra-abdominal	4 (36.4)	5 (29.4)	0.7
Biliary tract	5 (45.5)	2 (11.8)	0.076
Urinary tract	1 (9.1)	5 (29.4)	0.355
Management of infection
Empiric therapy	3 (27.3)	11 (64.7)	0.053
Target therapy	7 (63.6)	5 (29.4)	0.074
Source control	1 (9.1)	1 (5.9)	0.747
Patient outcome
Suspected rejection1	6 (54.5)	1 (5.9)	0.007
Pathogen
Acinetobacter baumannii	5 (45.5)	2 (11.1)	0.044
Klebsiella pneumoniae	6 (54.5)	5 (29.4)	0.184
Management of immunosuppressive therapy
IS reduction	1 (9.1)	7 (41.2)	0.099
Complete IS withdrawal	10 (90.9)	5 (29.4)	0.002

¹Within 90 d after liver transplantation. BSI: bloodstream infection; IS: Immunosuppression; SD: Standard deviation.