Altered metabolism of bile acids correlates with clinical parameters and the gut microbiota in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome

Table 1 Demographics and clinical characteristics of patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and healthy controls

Features	IBS-D patients	Controls	P value
n	55	28	NA
Age in yr	35.1 ± 9.8	34.4 ± 10.6	0.754
Gender, male: Female	41: 14	5: 2	0.761
Body mass index in kg/m2	23.3 ± 3.4	22.6 ± 3.1	0.335
Duration of disease in yr	3.0 (1.5, 7.0)	NA	NA
Defecation frequency	3.5 (2.5, 4.0)	1.0 (0.7, 1.0)	< 0.001
BSFS score	5.5 (5.0, 6.0)	4.0 (4.0, 4.0)	< 0.001
IBS-SSS	180.0 (150.0, 240.0)	NA	NA
Abdominal pain severity	40.0 (20.0, 50.0)	NA	NA
Abdominal pain frequency	30.0 (20.0, 40.0)	NA	NA
Abdominal bloating	10.0 (0.0, 20.0)	NA	NA
Bowel habit dissatisfaction	60.0 (60.0, 70.0)	NA	NA
Overall interference with QOL	30.0 (30.0, 50.0)	NA	NA
HADS anxiety score	5.0 (3.0, 10.0)	2.0 (0.0, 3.8)	< 0.001
HADS depression score	4.0 (1.0, 7.0)	1.5 (0.0, 3.8)	0.009
VSI score	30.0 (19.0, 42.0)	4.0 (0.0, 13.3)	< 0.001

The data are presented as the mean ± SD or the median (Q1, Q3). BSFS: Bristol stool form scale; HADS: Hospital anxiety and depression scale; IBS-D: Irritable bowel syndrome with predominant diarrhea; IBS-SSS: Irritable bowel syndrome symptom severity scale; NA: Not applicable; QOL: Quality of life; VSI: Visceral sensitivity index.