Accuracy of carbon dioxide insufflation for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography using double-balloon endoscopy

Table 1 Clinical results of ouble-balloon endoscopic retrograde cholangiography

Clinical results	n = 52
Male:female	32:20
Age (years old, mean ± SD)	62.5 ± 17.6
Types of branch
Jejuno-jejunal anastomosis	33
(Roux-en Y reconstruction, liver transplantation)
Gastro-jejunal anastomosis	19
(Billroth II, panceatoduodenectomy)
Indications
Cholangitis	20
Biliary stone	13
Jaundice	7
Suspected tumor	5
Hyperamilasemia	3
Stenosis at anastomosis	2
Foreign body in the bile duct	1
Abdominal pain	1
Reached target, n (%)	50/52 (96.1)
Exmination time
Insertion time, minutes (range)	15.2 (5.0-90.7)
Teeth-branch, minutes (range)	5.0 (1.3-25.5)
Branch-target, minutes (range)	8.2 (3.3-72.4)
Total examination, minutes (range)	60.3 (20.6-165.6)
Sedations
Midazolam, n [median (range)]	49 [10 mg (2.5-40))
Pentazocine, n [median (range)]	49 [15 mg (7.5-45)]
Dexmedetomidine, n (dose)	3 (137, 103, 80 µg)
General anethtesia, n	3
Interventions
EPBD with biliary stone extraction	12
Biliary stone extraction	10
Balloon dilation of the anastomosis stricture	7
ENBD	4
Metallic stent placement	3
Endoscopic sphincterotomy	1
Extraction of foreign body	1

EPBD: Endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation; ENBD: Endoscopic nasobiliary drainage.