Insufficient etiological workup of COVID-19-associated acute pancreatitis: A systematic review

Table 2 Diagnostic and etiological workup and quality assessment of the studies

Ref.	Diagnostic workup			COVID-19 (PCR)	Etiological workup									Quality of case reports
	Abdominal pain	Enzyme elevation (3 x)	Imaging		Biliary	Alcohol	HTG (> 11.5 mmol/L)	Drug	Hyper-calcemia	Ischemia	Auto-immunity	Viral (except nCoV)	Anatomy	JBI Overall rating ( /8)	Written according to CARE
Aloysius et al[29], United States	+	+	-	+	?	-	-	-	?	?	?	?	-	3	No
Anand et al[44], United Kingdom	+	?	+	+	?	-	?	+	?	?	?	?	-	0	No
Hadi et al[45], Denmark	?	+	+	+	?	-	-	?	-	+	?	?	?	4	No
	+	+	?	+	?	?	?	+	-	+	?	?	?	2
Meireles et al[46], Portugal	+	+	-	+	?	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	No
Morrison et al[20], United States	?	+	?	+	?	?	+	+	?	+	?	?	?	1	No

The Atlanta criteria were used for diagnosis. Biliary microlithiasis was included in the “biliary” etiology, so endoscopic ultrasonography or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography was needed to rule out this factor. Ischemia was considered in the case of shock and vasopressor therapy and was ruled out by computed tomography angiogram. Anatomical malformations were ruled out by computed tomography. The two columns on the right demonstrate the quality of included case reports based on the risk of bias according to the overall Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal score and adherence to Case Report guidelines on reporting cases. CARE: Case Report Guidelines; JBI: Joanna Briggs Institute; PCR: Polymerase chain reaction.