Overlooked risk for needle tract seeding following endoscopic ultrasound-guided minimally invasive tissue acquisition

Table 2 Characteristics of reported needle tract seeding of other tumors

Ref.	Age	Sex	Pathological diagnosis	Staging	Location	Size, mm	Initial treatment	Frequency of puncture	Needle gauge	Time interval	Details of needle tract seeding
											Discovery	Location	Maximum diameter (mm)	Treatment	Outcome
Shah et al[59] 2004	39	Female	Metastatic melanoma	Unknown	Perigastric lymph node	24	Surgical resection, chemotherapy	Transgastric/1	22G	6 mo	Operative finding	Posterior gastric wall	30	Surgery	Unkonwn
Doi et al[60] 2008	70	Male	Metastatic adenocarcinoma	Unknown	Mediastinal lymph node	30	Chemotherapyand distal gastrectomy	Transesophageal/1	19G	22 mo	EGDS/EUS-FNA	Esophageal wall	4	Radiation	Lesion resolved after 2 mo
Anderson et al[61] 2013	51	Male	Adenocarcinoma	Unknown	Celiac lymph node	6	Chemoradiation therapy	Transgastric/ unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Symptom/EGDS/EUS-FNA	Gastroesophageal junction	10	Unknown	Unknown
Yokoyama et al[62] 2017	53	Male	Mediastinal embryonal adenocarcinoma	Unknown	Mediastinum	60	Unknown	Transesophageal/3	22G	1 mo	CT	Esophageal wall	Unknown	Chemotherapy	Died less than 2 yr after Chemotherapy
Goel et al[63] 2017	57	Male	Squamous cell carcinoma	Unknown	Coeliac space	52	Unknown	Transgastric /2	19G	11 mo	Symptom/EGDS	Posterior gastric wall	50	Unsuitable for proximal gastrectomy	Unkonwn

EGDS: Elective esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy; EUS-FNA: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration; CT: Computed tomography.