Impact of B-mode-ultrasound-guided transhepatic and transperitoneal cholecystostomy tube placement on laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Table 1 Demographics, clinical characteristics and laboratory values of patients in the percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage and percutaneous transperitoneal gallbladder drainage groups, n (%)

	PHGD group, n = 58	PPGD group, n = 45	P value
Age	73.8 ± 11.6	74.8 ± 12.2	0.672
Sex, male/female	31/27	24/21	0.991
BMI in kg/m2	22.8 ± 0.6	23.1 ± 0.8	0.320
Comorbidity, n (%)	49 (84.5)	41 (91.1)	0.315
Hypertension	29 (50.0)	27 (60.0)	0.312
Diabetes	26 (44.8)	16 (35.6)	0.342
Arrhythmia	4 (6.9)	4 (8.9)	0.997
CHD	21 (36.2)	16 (35.6)	0.946
COPD	3 (5.2)	4 (8.9)	0.427
CI	9 (15.5)	6 (13.3)	0.755
CRI	1 (1.7)	1 (2.2)	> 0.999
Others	10 (17.2)	6 (13.3)	0.105
Previous abdominal surgery, n (%)	10 (17.2)	7 (15.6)	0.819
Appendectomy	3 (5.2)	2 (4.4)	> 0.999
Cesarean	6 (10.3)	3 (6.7)	0.699
Oophorectomy	1 (1.7)	2 (4.4)	0.823
ASA grade average	2.3 ± 0.4	2.3 ± 0.5	0.872
Tokyo Guidelines 2018			0.918
Grade I	5 (8.6)	3 (5.2)
Grade II	46 (79.3)	37 (82.2)
Grade III	7 (12.1)	5 (11.1)
Body temperature in °C	37.4 ± 0.87	37.4 ± 0.90	0.506
Positive Murphy’s sign, n (%)	40 (69.0)	34 (75.6)	0.461
Leukocytes counts ,×109/L	15.8 ± 3.2	15.9 ± 3.0	0.872
PLT, ×106/L	241.7 ± 70.2	238.2 ± 68.3	0.800
ALT, U/L	53.2 ± 17.9	51.2 ± 18.3	0.579
AST, U/L	60.0 ± 18.9	53.2 ± 20.0	0.080
TB, μmol/L	45.2 ± 24.6	47.8 ± 24.9	0.598
PT in s	13.9 ± 2.0	14.1 ± 2.2	0.631
INR	1.2 ± 0.2	1.3 ± 0.3	0.045a
Gallbladder size in cm	10.6 ± 2.0	10.8 ± 2.2	0.631
Gallbladder wall thickness in mm	6.6 ± 2.2	6.9 ± 2.3	0.503
Duration from onset to PC in h	62.4 ± 11.5	57.6 ± 12.2	0.043 a
Interval from PC to elective LC in d	34.5 ± 4.7	33.9 ± 4.2	0.503

Note: All baseline characteristics and clinical data and outcomes did not differ significantly between groups except for the international normalized ratio and duration from onset to PC (^aP < 0.05). PHGD: Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage; PPGD: Percutaneous transperitoneal gallbladder drainage; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CHD: Coronary heart disease; CI: Cerebral infarction; CRI: Chronic renal insufficiency; PC: Percutaneous cholecystostomy; LC: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy; INR: International normalized ratio; PT: Prothrombin time; PLT: Platelet; ALT: Alanine transaminase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; TB: Total bilirubin; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiology; BMI: Body mass index.