Predictive value of alarm symptoms in patients with Rome IV dyspepsia: A cross-sectional study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of all participants and univariate analyses of various predictive variables for organic dyspepsia

Characteristics	Full participants, n = 381	FD, n = 266	Organic dyspepsia, n = 115	P value
Age in yr	49.9 ± 13.0	49.6 ± 12.9	50.5 ± 13.4	0.706
BMI in kg/m2	21.9 ± 3.3	21.9 ± 3.5	21.7 ± 2.9	0.682
Gender, M/F	150/231	107/159	43/72	0.603
Race, Han/minority	377/4	262/4	115/0	0.320
Location, Shaanxi/other	324/57	226/40	98/17	0.949
Job category				0.980
Physical	130 (34.1)	90 (33.8)	40 (34.8)
Mental	96 (25.2)	67 (25.2)	29 (25.2)
Middle	101 (26.5)	70 (26.3)	31 (27.0)
Retire	54 (14.2)	39 (14.7)	15 (13.0)
Marriage				1.000
Never married	19 (5.0)	13 (4.9)	6 (5.2)
Married	362 (95.0)	253 (95.1)	109 (94.8)
Daily exercise				0.048
< 1/2 h	27 (7.1)	18 (6.8)	9 (7.8)
1/2-1 h	96 (25.2)	69 (25.9)	27 (23.5)
1-2 h	63 (16.5)	35 (13.2)	28 (24.3)
> 2 h	195 (51.2)	144 (54.1)	51 (44.3)
Spicy food	206 (54.1)	145 (54.5)	61 (53.0)	0.792
Smoking				0.720
< half pack a day	335 (87.9)	235 (88.3)	100 (87.0)
> half pack a day	46 (12.1)	31 (11.7)	15 (13.0)
Alcohol	72 (18.9)	50 (18.8)	22 (19.1)	0.939
Sleep, good/bad	238/143	168/98	70/45	0.672
Outpatient cost				0.060
< 500	2 (0.5)	1 (0.4)	1 (0.9)
500-1000	46 (12.1)	40 (15.0)	6 (5.2)
1000-3000	107 (28.1)	76 (28.6)	31 (27.0)
3000-5000	41 (10.8)	29 (10.9)	12 (10.4)
> 5000	185 (48.5)	120 (45.1)	65 (56.5)
Educational level				0.791
Elementary and below	175 (45.9)	122 (45.9)	53 (46.1)
High school	84 (22.1)	61 (22.9)	23 (20.0)
College	109 (28.6)	73 (27.4)	36 (31.3)
Postgraduate and above	13 (3.4)	10 (3.8)	3 (2.6)
Previous visits				0.443
0	106 (27.8)	80 (30.1)	26 (22.6)
1	72 (18.9)	49 (18.4)	23 (20.0)
2	32 (8.4)	20 (7.5)	12 (10.4)
≥ 3	171 (44.9)	117 (44.0)	54 (47.0)
Weight loss				0.238
No	277 (72.7)	199 (74.8)	78 (67.8)
< 7 lb	50 (13.1)	30 (11.3)	20 (17.4)
≥ 7 lb	54 (14.2)	37 (13.9)	17 (14.8)
Anemia, yes/no	31/350	0/266	31/84	< 0.001
Anorexia, yes/no	94/287	66/200	28/87	0.923
Vomiting, yes/no	22/359	14/252	8/107	0.485
Melena, yes/no	23/358	16/250	7/108	1.000
Dysphagia, yes/no	3/378	1/265	2/113	0.218
Family history				0.204
None	331 (86.9)	235 (88.3)	96 (83.5)
Esophagus cancer	13 (3.4)	10 (3.8)	3 (2.6)
Gastric cancer	24 (6.3)	15 (5.6)	9 (7.8)
Other	13 (3.4)	6 (2.3)	7 (6.1)
Alarm symptoms				0.004
No	161 (42.3)	125 (47.0)	36 (31.3)
Yes	220 (57.7)	141 (53.0)	79 (68.7)
Number of alarm symptoms				0.001
0	161 (42.3)	125 (47.0)	36 (31.3)
1	139 (36.5)	96 (36.1)	43 (37.4)
2	59 (15.5)	37 (13.9)	22 (19.1)
3	18 (4.7)	7 (2.6)	11 (9.6)
4	4 (1.0)	1 (0.4)	3 (2.6)

Values are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation or n (%). BMI: Body mass index; M: Male; F: Female; FD: Functional dyspepsia.