Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2020.
World J Gastroenterol. Jul 28, 2020; 26(28): 4159-4169
Published online Jul 28, 2020. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i28.4159
Table 1 Symptoms and signs that may be associated with gastroesophageal reflux in infants and children[9]
SymptomsSigns
GeneralGeneral
Discomfort/irritability1Dental erosion
Failure to thriveAnemia
Feeding refusal
Dystonic neck posturing (Sandifer syndrome)
GastrointestinalGastrointestinal
Recurrent regurgitation with/withoutEsophagitis
vomiting in the older childrenEsophageal stricture
Heartburn/chest pain2Barrett esophagus
Epigastric pain2
Hematemesis
Dysphagia/odynophagia
AirwayAirway
WheezingApnea spells
StridorAsthma
CoughRecurrent pneumonia associated with aspiration
HoarsenessRecurrent otitis media