Modified percutaneous transhepatic papillary balloon dilation for patients with refractory hepatolithiasis

Table 1 Patient and treatment characteristics

Characteristic	n (%)
No. of patients	21
Gender
Female	10 (47.6)
Male	11 (58.8)
Comorbidity
Emphysema	5 (23.8)
Pulmonary insufficiency	6 (28.6)
Coronary artery disease	4 (19)
Cardiac insufficiency	5 (23.8)
Hypoproteinemia	1 (4.8)
Concomitant CBD stones	16 (76.2)
Symptoms
Obstructive jaundice	11 (52.4)
Fever	6 (28.6)
Abdominal pain	4 (19)
Success rate	20 (95.2)
No. of IHS	36
Diameter of largest IHS
5-10 mm	17 (47.2)
10-15 mm	19 (52.8)
No. of CBD stones	22
Diameter of Largest CBD stones
5-10 mm	4 (18.2)
10-15 mm	5 (22.7)
15-20 mm	8 (36.4)
20-25 mm	4 (18.2)
25-28 mm	1 (4.5)
Total No. of stones	58
Types of stones
Cholesterol stone	27 (45.7)
Mixed stone	25 (43.1)
Bilirubin stone	6 (10.3)

IHS: Intrahepatic bile duct stones; CBD: Common bile duct.