Functionality is not an independent prognostic factor for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses of predictors of survival in patients

Study population		SEER database		West China Hospital database			All population
Variables		HR (95CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)		P value	HR (95%CI)		P value
Univariate analysis
Country
United States							1.000
China							0.326	(0.159, 0.665)	0.002
Race
White	1.000						1.000
Asian	0.402	(0.098, 1.652)	0.206				0.326	(0.169, 0.626)	0.001
Age (yr)
Below 55	1.000			1.000			1.000
Over 56	2.121	(1.204, 3.738)	0.009	4.224	(1.055, 16.919)	0.042	2.710	(1.606, 4.574)	< 0.001
Sex
Female	1.000			1.000			1.000
Male	1.822	(1.065, 3.119)	0.029	4.262	(0.878, 20.686)	0.072	2.067	(1.251, 3.415)	0.005
Primary site
Head	1.000			1.000			1.000
Body	2.077	(0.899, 4.800)	0.087	0.801	(0.146, 4.398)	0.799	1.651	(0.784, 3.479)	0.187
Tail	1.259	(0.616, 2.573)	0.527	1.193	(0.266, 5.349)	0.817	1.445	(0.769, 2.718)	0.253
Unknown	1.359	(0.598, 3.085)	0.464	0.000		0.987	1.491	(0.698, 3.187)	0.303
Primary tumor
T1-2	1.000			1.000			1.000
T3-4	2.515	(1.490, 4.246)	0.001	3.663	(0.980, 13.688)	0.054	2.858	(1.756, 4.651)	< 0.001
Regional lymph node metastasis
N0	1.000			1.000			1.000
N1	1.602	(0.918, 2.795)	0.097	2.757	(0.387, 19.630)	0.311	1.775	(1.040, 3.032)	0.036
Nx	0.911	(0.407, 2.038)	0.820	0.981	(0.186, 5.170)	0.982	0.585	(0.293, 1.167)	0.128
Distant metastasis
M0	1.000			1.000			1.000
M1	5.295	(1.804, 15.543)	0.002	3.423	(0.423, 27.705)	0.249	5.726	(2.269, 14.450)	< 0.001
Mx	1.993	(0.973, 4.079)	0.059				2.773	(1.551, 4.960)	0.001
Grade
G1	1.000			1.000			1.000
G2	1.418	(0.734, 2.739)	0.298	9.823	(1.224, 78.806)	0.032	1.266	(0.740, 2.166)	0.388
Functionality
I	1.000			1.000			1.000
N	1.924	(0.691, 5.353)	0.210	1.473	(0.268, 8.092)	0.656	2.544	(1.090, 5.938)	0.031
O	2.247	(0.600, 8.423)	0.230	7.913	(1.314, 47.670)	0.024	3.925	(1.359, 11.337)	0.012
Multivariate analysis
Race
White							1.000
Asian							0.438	(0.225, 0.851)	0.015
Age
Below 55	1.000			1.000			1.000
Over 56	2.203	(1.249, 3.884)	0.006	4.558	(1.122, 18.521)	0.034	2.315	(1.362, 3.935)	0.002
Sex
Female				1.000			1.000
Male				5.707	(1.161, 28.057)	0.032	1.744	(1.049, 2.899)	0.032
Primary tumor
T1-2	1.000						1.000
T3-4	2.589	(1.533, 4.371)	< 0.001				2.612	(1.603, 4.254)	< 0.001
Grade
G1				1.000
G2				9.039	(1.118, 73.051)	0.039

SEER: Surveillance, epidemiology, and end results; I: Insulinoma; N: Nonfunctional pNEN; O: Other functional pNEN.