Role of gut microbiota-immunity axis in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer: Focus on short and long-term outcomes

Table 1 Composition of gut microbiota in healthy people, in patients with colorectal cancer and after colorectal cancer surgery

Healthy	Colorectal cancer	Post-operation
Bacteroidetes[5]	↑ Staphylococcaceae[28-30]	↑ Proteobacteria[5], ↑ Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Firmicutes[5], ↑ Lachnospiraceae ↑ Clostridium	↑ Coriobacteridae[28-30], ↑ Fusobacterium nucleatum[5,32,33]	↓ Bacteroidetes[52], ↓ Bacteroides ovatus, ↓ Prevotella
↑ Bifidobacterium[52], ↓ Fusobacterium nucleatum[5,17]	↑ Enterococcus faecalis[28-30], ↑ Bacteroides fragilis[35-38] ↑ Escherichia coli pks+[38]	↓ Firmicutes[52], ↓ Clostridium but, ↑ Enterococcus, ↑ Staphylococcus
	↓ Bacteroides ovatus[37]	↓ Bifidobacterium[52]
	↓ Bifidobacterium[28-30]
	↓ Lactobacillus[28-30]
	↓ Treponema[28-30]

↑: Higher abundance; ↓: Lower abundance; pks⁺: Polyketide synthase positive.