Optimal proximal resection margin distance for gastrectomy in advanced gastric cancer

Table 4 Analysis of the risk factors associated with overall survival in patients who underwent distal gastrectomy using the Cox proportional hazard model

	Univariate		Multivariate
	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
Age	1.04 (1.03-1.05)	< 0.001	1.04 (1.03-1.05)	< 0.001
Female sex	0.89 (0.69-1.15)	0.367
BMI	0.94 (0.90-0.98)	0.002
Tumor location
Upper 1/3	Ref.
Mid 1/3	3.11 (0.43-22.4)	0.260
Lower 1/3	3.54 (0.50-25.2)	0.208
Reconstruction
Billroth I	Ref.		Ref.
Billroth II	1.66 (1.26-2.20)	< 0.001	1.40 (1.04-1.87)	0.025
RYGJ	1.34 (0.96-1.86)	0.083	1.45 (1.04-2.03)	0.030
Tumor size	1.11 (1.06-1.16)	< 0.001
Borrmann type IV	0.96 (0.48-1.94)	0.914
CLN	0.99 (0.98-1.00)	0.045	0.99 (0.98-1.00)	0.034
T stage
T2	Ref.		Ref.
T3	1.36 (1.01-1.83)	0.044	1.08 (0.79-1.48)	0.612
T4	3.02 (2.24-4.06)	< 0.001	1.90 (1.38-2.62)	< 0.001
N stage
N0	Ref.		Ref.
N1	1.07 (0.73-1.56)	0.739	0.92 (0.63-1.36)	0.686
N2	2.33 (1.67-3.25)	< 0.001	2.06 (1.46-2.90)	< 0.001
N3	3.74 (2.77-5.05)	< 0.001	3.10 (2.25-4.28)	< 0.001
Diffuse type histology	1.00 (0.79-1.25)	0.967
LVi	1.82 (1.44-2.29)	< 0.001
PNi	1.32 (1.06-1.66)	0.015
PRM (cm)
0-1.0	Ref.
1.1-3.0	0.57 (0.27-1.19)	0.134
3.1-5.0	0.59 (0.29-1.23)	0.162
> 5.0	0.61 (0.30-1.25)	0.175

PRM: Proximal resection margin; RYGJ: Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy; CLN: Total number of collected lymph nodes; LVi: Lymphovascular invasion; PNi: Perineural invasion.