Malignant gastric outlet obstruction: Which is the best therapeutic option?

Table 2 Characteristics of the studies comparing endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy with surgical gastrojejunostomy or duodenal stenting in gastric outlet obstruction

Ref.	Study characteristics	EUS-GE technique	Comparison group	Number of patients	Technical success	Clinical success	Hospital stay (d, median)	Symptom recurrence or re-intervention	Adverse events
Chen et al[80], 2017	Multicenter; Retrospective	EPASS; Balloon-assisted; Direct	Duodenal SEMS	EUS-GE: 30;	26/30 (86.7%);	25/30 (83.3%);	11.3 ± 6.6;	1/30 (4.3%);	5/30 (16.7%);
				SEMS: 52	49/52 (94.2%)	35/52 (67.3%)	9.5 ± 8.3	10/52 (28.6%)	6/52 (11.5%)
Khashab et al[83], 2017	Multicenter; Retrospective	EPASS; Balloon-assisted; Direct	Open GJ	EUS-GE: 30;	26/30 (87%);	26/30 (87%);	11.6 ± 6.6;	1/30 (3%);	5/30 (16.7%);
				Open GJ: 63	63/63 (100%)	57/63 (90%)	12 ± 8.2	9/63 (14%)	16/63 (25%)
Perez-Miranda et al[84], 2017	Multicenter; Retrospective	Assisted; Direct	Laparoscopic GJ (LGJ)	EUS-GE: 251	23/25 (88%);	21/25 (90%);	9.4;	NA;	3/25 (12%);
				LGJ: 29	29/29 (100%)	28/29 (90%)	8.9	NA	12/29 (41%)
Ge et al[85], 2019	Single-center; Retrospective	Assisted; Direct	Duodenal SEMS	EUS-GE: 22; SEMS: 78	22/22 (100%);	21/22 (95.5%);	7.4 ± 9.1;	2/22 (8.3%);	5/22 (20.8%);
					78/78 (100%)	60/78 (76.3%)	7.9 ± 8.2	31/78 (32%)	39/78 (40.2%)

¹Eight patients out of 25 (8/25) underwent endoscopic ultrasonography-guided gastroenterostomy for benign obstruction. EUS-GE: Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided gastroenterostomy; EPASS: Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided double balloon-occluded gastrojejunostomy bypass; SEMS: Self-expanding metal stent; GJ: Gastrojejunostomy.