Venous thromboembolism in inflammatory bowel disease

Table 1 Age and venous thromboembolism risk

Ref.	Findings	Statistics
Kappelman et al[19]	IBD patients ≤ 20 are at increased risk of VTE compared to age and sex- matched non-IBD patients	Hazard ratio 6.0 (95%CI: 2.5-14.7) for DVT Hazard ratio 6.4 (95%CI: 2.0-20.3) for PE
	Annual incidence of VTE is higher in older patients than in younger patients with IBD	Age	Incidence
		≤ 20 yr	8.9/10000 persons-years
		> 60 yr	54.6/10000 persons-years
Nylund et al[20]	Hospitalized IBD children/adolescents are at increased risk of developing VTE compared to non-IBD hospitalized children/ adolescents	Relative risk 2.36 (95%CI: 2.15-2.58)
	Odds of VTE increased as age increased	Odds ratio 2.32 (95%CI: 2.26-2.38)
Ando et al[22]	IBD patients > 50 have an increased odds of developing VTE	Odds ratio 3.52 (95%CI: 1.25-9.94)
Nguyen et al[5]	Each incremental decade in age was associated with increased odds of developing VTE	Odds ratio 1.20 (95%CI: 1.15-1.25)
Faye et al[23]	Age > 30 had an increased risk of VTE readmission compared with patients younger than 18 years of age	Age (yr)	Relative risk
		31-40	2.10 (95%CI: 1.29-3.42)
		41-50	2.08 (95%CI: 1.28-3.37)
		51-65	3.74 (95%CI: 2.35-5.94)
		66-80	4.04 (95%CI: 2.54-6.44)
		> 80	3.06 (95%CI: 1.87-5.02)
McCurdy et al[24]	IBD patients > 45 have an increased odds of developing VTE post-discharge	3.76 odds ratio (95%CI: 1.80-7.89)

VTE: Venous thromboembolism; DVT: Deep vein thrombosis; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; PE: Pulmonary embolism.