Guidelines
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2019.
World J Gastroenterol. Feb 21, 2019; 25(7): 744-776
Published online Feb 21, 2019. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i7.744
Table 4 Degree of inflammation of the oesophageal mucosa in achalasia cardia
GradeEndoscopic observations
Grade ANormal mucosa, with a clear vascular texture
Grade BRough mucosa with a vague vascular texture
Grade CWhite granular mucosa without an obvious vascular texture
Grade DPachyntic, striated, or sulcus-shaped mucosa without an obvious vascular texture
Grade EUlcer in the mucosa
Grade E1Involvement of the oesophageal lumen ≤ 1/4
Grade E21/4 < involvement of the oesophageal lumen ≤ 1/2
Grade E31/2 < involvement of the oesophageal lumen ≤ 3/4
Grade E4Involvement of the oesophageal lumen > 3/4
Grade FScar in the mucosa
Grade F1Involvement of the oesophageal lumen ≤ 1/4
Grade F21/4 < involvement of the oesophageal lumen ≤ 1/2
Grade F31/2 < involvement of the oesophageal lumen ≤ 3/4
Grade F4Involvement of the oesophageal lumen > 3/4

  • Citation: Chai NL, Li HK, Linghu EQ, Li ZS, Zhang ST, Bao Y, Chen WG, Chiu PW, Dang T, Gong W, Han ST, Hao JY, He SX, Hu B, Hu B, Huang XJ, Huang YH, Jin ZD, Khashab MA, Lau J, Li P, Li R, Liu DL, Liu HF, Liu J, Liu XG, Liu ZG, Ma YC, Peng GY, Rong L, Sha WH, Sharma P, Sheng JQ, Shi SS, Seo DW, Sun SY, Wang GQ, Wang W, Wu Q, Xu H, Xu MD, Yang AM, Yao F, Yu HG, Zhou PH, Zhang B, Zhang XF, Zhai YQ. Consensus on the digestive endoscopic tunnel technique. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25(7): 744-776
  • URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v25/i7/744.htm
  • DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v25.i7.744