Altered profiles of fecal metabolites correlate with visceral hypersensitivity and may contribute to symptom severity of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome

Table 2 Levels of partial fecal metabolites in irritable bowel syndrome with predominant diarrhea patients and controls

Metabolites	Prevalence of detection	IBS-D patients (μmol/g)	Controls (μmol/g)	P value
His	93.3%	0.0642 (0.0388, 0.1484)a	0.2636 (0.0780, 0.3966)	0.012
Ala	100.0%	0.5095 (0.2826, 0.9183)a	1.0118 (0.6135, 1.4335)	0.041
Tyr	88.9%	0.1024 (0.0173, 0.4527)a	0.5665 (0.2436, 1.3447)	0.018
Phe	97.8%	0.1511 (0.0775, 0.3248)a	0.3967 (0.1388, 0.7550)	0.028
Trp	77.8%	0.0323 (0.0001, 0.0826)a	0.0834 (0.0170, 0.1759)	0.046
Val	100.0%	0.2710 (0.1208, 0.5729)	0.3661 (0.2960, 1.0122)	0.079
Asp	97.8%	0.3086 (0.1797, 0.6904)	0.4875 (0.1939, 0.6591)	0.647
Fumarate	100.0%	0.0042 (0.0026, 0.0108)	0.0019 (0.0014, 0.0078)	0.051
Pyruvate	100.0%	0.0067 (0.0023, 0.0719)	0.0071 (0.0022, 0.0882)	0.718
Butyrate	100.0%	4.3819 (2.4060, 9.0920)	5.8539 (1.5193, 12.8616)	0.613
Isobutyrate	100.0%	6.8609 (0.5068, 8.9326)	2.1277 (0.5470, 10.4635)	0.962
Valerate	100.0%	0.2024 (0.0331, 0.8245)	0.2059 (0.0497, 1.2489)	0.485
Isovalerate	100.0%	0.1218 (0.0495, 0.3227)	0.1661 (0.0416, 0.2581)	0.866
Hexanoate	100.0%	0.0254 (0.0189, 0.0513)	0.0383 (0.0153, 0.0539)	0.613
Isohexanoate	100.0%	0.0127 (0.0060, 0.0246)a	0.0070 (0.0023, 0.0106)	0.028
Amino acids	NA	7.2873 (3.4177, 10.7709)	8.0603 (6.1393, 12.3225)	0.336
SCFA	NA	25.8082 (18.5826, 38.5067)	26.8452 (5.7182, 70.6763)	0.904
Organic acids	NA	26.6708 (20.0617, 38.5860)	26.9449 (5.8047, 71.4057)	0.866

^aP < 0.05 vs controls. The data are presented as the median (Q1, Q3). IBS-D: Irritable bowel syndrome with predominant diarrhea; SCFA: Short chain fatty acids; NA: Not applicable.