Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in children with symptomatic pancreaticobiliary maljunction: A retrospective multicenter study

Table 2 Clinical characteristics of and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedures used in four types of pancreaticobiliary maljunction

	Type A (n = 28)	Type B (n = 27)	Type C (n = 16)	Type D (n = 4)	P value
Age, mean ± SD, yr	5.7 ± 3.2	6.6 ± 3.8	5.2 ± 3.0	6.5 ± 4.2	0.398
Symptoms, n (%)
Abdominal pain	23 (82.1)	23 (85.1)	13 (81.2)	3 (75.0)	1.000
Vomiting	12 (44.4)	13 (48.1)	8 (50)	2 (50.0)	0.867
Acholic stool	3 (10.7)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (25.0)	0.175
fever	2 (7.1)	1 (3.7)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0.788
Pancreatitis	17 (60.7)	12 (44.4)	14 (87.5)	4 (100)	0.020
Hyperbilirubinemia	6 (21.4)	2 (7.4)	3 (18.8)	2 (50.0)	0.333
Elevated liver enzymes	12 (42.9)	4 (14.8)	3 (18.8)	3 (75.0)	0.058
Findings of ERCP, n (%)
Bile duct dilatation	21 (75.0)	13 (48.1)	9 (56.2)	3 (75.0)	0.122
Biliary stones	24 (85.7)	12 (44.4)	6 (37.5)	2 (50.0)	0.001
Pancreatic protein plugs	1 (3.6)	5 (18.5)	11 (68.8)	1 (25.0)	<0.001
Pancreatic duct stenosis or dilatation	2 (7.1)	3 (11.1)	11 (68.8)	1 (25.0)	<0.001
Procedures of ERCP, n (%)
EPS	4 (14.2)	6 (22.2)	7 (43.8)	2 (50.0)	0.092
EST	20 (71.4)	14 (51.9)	6 (36.5)	2 (50.0)	0.017
ERBD	11 (39.3)	3 (11.1)	3 (18.8)	0 (0)	0.049
ENBD	12 (42.9)	13 (48.1)	7 (43.8)	1 (25.0)	0.953
EPBD	1 (3.6)	1 (3.7)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1.000
ENPD	0 (0)	0 (0)	2 (12.5)	1 (25.0)	0.058
ERPD	2 (7.1)	3 (11.1)	3 (18.8)	0 (0)	0.499
Stone removal	16 (57.1)	11 (40.7)	12 (75.0)	1 (25.0)	0.088
Bougienage	2 (7.1)	1 (3.7)	2 (12.5)	0 (0)	0.628

The P value was the result of comparison between types A, B, and C. EPS: Endoscopic pancreatic sphincterotomy; EST: Endoscopic sphincterotomy; ERBD: Endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage; ENBD: Endoscopic nasobiliary drainage; EPBD: Endoscopic papillary balloon dilation; ENPD: Endoscopic nasopancreatic drainage; ERPD: Endoscopic retrograde pancreatic drainage; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; SD: Standard deviation.