Incidence and treatment of mediastinal leakage after esophagectomy: Insights from the multicenter study on mediastinal leaks

Table 4 Mediastinal leakage rate by surgical technique

	Surgical technique			Total	P value
	Open IL	Hybrid IL	MIIL1
Number of TEG	152	244	105	501
Number of leaks	16	22	21	59
Leakage rate (%)	10.5	9.0	20.0	11.8
Necrosis - type I	1	4	0	5
Necrosis - type II	9	10	11	30
Necrosis - type III	6	8	10	24
Hybrid vs MI					0.0072
Open vs MI					0.0520
Open + hybrid vs MI					0.0560

¹Minimally invasive Ivor Lewis (MIIL) procedure performed in 4 of the 7 surgical centers. Anastomoses in MIIL are mainly semi-mechanical (highest leaking rate compared to manual and mechanical). TEG: Transthoracic esophagectomy with intrathoracic anastomosis; MIIL: Minimally invasive Ivor Lewis; IL: Ivor Lewis; MI: Minimally invasive.