Autoimmune hepatitis treatment in the elderly: A systematic review

Table 2 Characteristics of included studies

Author(year)	Methods	No. of patients (F:M)	Diagnostic criteria	Country	Interventions	Median FU	Outcomes	Side effects
		Elderly:Youn-ger
Schramm et al[6], 2001	Comparative Cohort Study	40 (32:8)	IAIHG (1999)	Germany	-P alone	4-164 mo	CR, relapse, all causes and liver-related death	GI symptoms, cholestasis, skin rush (AZA). VZ infection, pulmonary TB reactivation
					-P + AZA	(40 mo in elderly group)
		20 (≥ 65 yr, 50%):20			-No treatment
Granito et al[21], 2005	Comparative Cohort Study	76 (64:12)	IAIHG (1999)	Italy	-M alone	1-16 yr (5 yr) in the elderly	CR, relapse, death	None in elderly group
		20 (≥ 65 yr, 26%):56			-M + AZA
					-No treatment
Al-Chalabi et al[23], 2006	Comparative Cohort Study	164 (128:36)	IAIHG (1999)	UK	-P alone	1-28 yr (9 yr)	CR, PR, TF, relapse, deaths/OLT	Cushingoid faces, osteoporosis, T2DM, hypertension, psychoses. Cytopenia (AZA)
					-P + AZA
		43 (≥ 60 yr, 26%):121			-(P + Cyclo
					and P + D-P in young only)
Czaja et al[9], 2006	Comparative Cohort Study	205 (175:30)	IAIHG (1999)	USA	-Pp alone	(77 mo)	Remission, SR, TF, relapse, death or OLT	Not reported
					-Pp + AZA
		47 (≥ 60 yr, 23%):158			-P + AZA
					-No treatment
Zhang et al[22], 2012	Comparative Cohort Study	75 (71:4)	IAIHG (1999)	China	-P alone	6 mo-8 yr	Remission, SR, TF, relapse, death	Not reported
		36 (≥ 60 yr, 48%):39
			+ IAIHG (2008)
Zachou et al[20], 2016	Comparative Cohort Study	158 (114:44)	IAIHG (2008)	Greece	-P + MMF	3-168 mo (72) in MMF group	CR, PR, TF, relapse, liver-related death, progression during FU, OLT	Sepsis, airway infections, VZ, mild GI symptoms, cytopenia (MMF)
		45 (> 60 yr, 28%):113			-P alone
					-P + AZA
Morii et al[24], 2017	Comparative Cohort Study	71 (56:15)	IAIHG (1999)	Japan	-Pp alone	2-69 mo (31 mo)	Remission, relapses	Not reported
		28 (≥ 70 yr, 39%):43			-UDCA

IAIHG: International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group; P: Prednisolone; Pp: Prednisone; AZA: Azathioprine; M: Methylprednisolone; Cyclo: Cyclophosphamide; D-P: D-Penicillamine; MMF: Mycophenolate Mofetil; UDCA: Ursodeoxycholic acid; CR: Complete Remission; PR: Partial remission; SR: Sustained remission; TF: Treatment failure; OLT: Orthotopic liver transplantation; GI: Gastro-Intestinal; VZ: Varicella zoster; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; TB: Tubercolosis.