Novel abdominal negative pressure lavage-drainage system for anastomotic leakage after R0 resection for gastric cancer

Table 1 Characteristics of patients who underwent R0 resection for gastric cancer n (%)

Characteristic	All patients (n = 4173)	2009-2013 (n = 2219)	2014-2016 (n = 1954)	P-value
Mean age, yr				0.148
< 65	2701 (64.7)	1414 (63.7)	1287 (65.9)
≥ 65	1472 (35.3)	805 (36.3)	667 (34.1)
Sex				0.002
Male	3083 (73.9)	1683 (75.8)	1400 (71.6)
Female	1090 (26.1)	536 (24.2)	554 (28.4)
Mean BMI, kg/m2 (SD)	22.3 (5.2)	22.0 (3.1)	22.6 (3.7)	< 0.001
History of abdominal surgery				0.436
No	3543 (84.9)	1875 (84.5)	1668 (85.4)
Yes	630 (15.1)	344 (15.5)	286 (14.6)
Tumor site				< 0.001
Upper	1136 (27.2)	590 (26.6)	546 (27.9)
Middle	892 (21.4)	383 (17.3)	509 (26.0)
Lower	1654 (39.6)	958 (43.2)	696 (35.6)
≥ 2 areas	491 (11.8)	288 (13.0)	203 (10.4)
Malnourished				0.277
No	3730 (89.4)	1919 (88.9)	1811 (89.9))
Yes	443 (10.6)	240 (11.1)	203 (10.1)
Mean tumor size, cm (SD)	4.4 (2.6)	4.6 (2.6)	4.0 (2.7)	< 0.001
AJCC-TNM stage, 8th edition				< 0.001
I	1158 (27.7)	598 (26.9)	560 (28.7)
II	1052 (25.2)	487 (21.9)	565 (28.9)
III	1963 (47.0)	1134 (51.1)	829 (42.4)
Comorbidities				0.112
No	2876 (68.9)	1553 (70.0)	1323 (67.7)
Yes	1297 (31.1)	666 (30.0)	631 (32.3)
HB, g/dL				0.317
≥ 90	3718 (89.1)	1967 (88.6)	1751 (89.6)
< 90	455 (10.9)	252 (11.4)	203 (10.4)
ASA				0.641
I-II	4000 (95.9)	2130 (96.0)	1870 (95.7)
III-IV	173 (4.1)	89 (4.0)	84 (4.3)
Operation method				< 0.001
Open	670 (16.1)	469 (21.1)	201 (10.3)
Laparoscopic	3503 (83.9)	1750 (78.9)	1753 (89.7)
Type of resection				0.235
Subtotal gastrectomy	1873 (44.9)	1015 (45.7)	858 (43.9)
Total gastrectomy	2300 (55.1)	1204 (54.3)	1096 (56.1)
Type of reconstruction				< 0.001
Billroth I	1100 (26.4)	782 (35.2)	318 (16.3)
Billroth II	540 (12.9)	160 (7.2)	380 (19.4)
Roux-en-Y	2468 (59.1)	1225 (55.2)	1243 (63.6)
Other	65 (1.6)	52 (2.3)	13 (0.7)
Mean surgical duration, min (SD)	184.7 (67.6)	191.3 (67.8)	177.1 (66.7)	< 0.001
Mean intraoperative blood loss, mL (SD)	94.7 (256.8)	115.0 (335.3)	71.5 (108.6)	< 0.001
Mean length of stay, d (SD)	13.5 (7.8)	13.5 (7.4)	13.4 (8.2)	0.296
AL	83 (2.0)	37 (1.7)	46 (2.4)	0.113

Values represent the number of patients (percentages), unless otherwise indicated. BMI: Body mass index; HB: Hemoglobin; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; AL: Anastomotic leakage.