Current status, problems, and perspectives of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease research

Table 2 Representative indices predicting ≥ F3 fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients

Score/Index	Formula	Ref.
NAFLD fibrosis score	1.675 + 0.037 × Age + 0.094 × BMI + 1.13 × IFG/DM (with = 1, without = 0) + 0.99 × AST/ALT - 0.013 × PLT - 0.66 × Alb	[64]
APRI	[(AST/upper limit of normal AST)/PLT] × 100	[65]
FIB-4 index	[Age × AST]/[PLT × ALT1/2]	[66]
BARD score	BMI ≥ 28 (1 point)	[67]
	AST/ALT ≥ 0.8 (2 points)
	The presence of DM (1 point)
CA index-fibrosis	1.5 × 4C7S + 0.0264 × AST	[68]
ELF score	2.494 + ln(hyaluronic acid) + ln(P-III-P) + ln(TIMP-1)	[69]

BMI: Body mass index; IFG: Impaired fasting glucose; DM: Diabetes mellitus; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; PLT: Platelet count; Alb: Albumin; 4C7S: Type 4 collagen 7S; P-III-P: Procollagen type III amino-terminal peptide; TIMP-1: Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1; NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.