Risk factors for progression to acute-on-chronic liver failure during severe acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection

Table 2 Baseline characteristics of patients with and without post-admission progression to acute-on-chronic liver failure

Variable	Total (n = 164)	Patients		P-value
		Without progression to ACLF (n = 135)	With progression to ACLF (n = 29)
Males	143 (87.2)	120 (88.9)	23 (79.3)	0.2161
Age (yr)	39.8 ± 10.1	39.1 ± 10.6	43.1 ± 11.1	0.0662
LC	83 (50.6)	62 (45.9)	21 (72.4)	0.0131
HBeAg–positive	101 (61.6)	82 (60.7)	19 (65.5)	0.6791
log HBV DNA (copies/mL)	6.7 (5.6, 7.5)	6.7 (5.5, 7.5)	7.1 (6.4, 7.7)	0.0383
Na+ (mmol/L)	137.0 ± 2.9	137.1 ± 2.7	137.7 ± 2.9	0.8282
ALT (IU/L)	724.5 (441.5, 1227.6)	680.0 (421.0, 1191.0)	833.0 (532.0, 1770.0)	0.0563
AST (IU/L)	628.0 (330.3, 1101.0)	592.0 (313.0, 980.0)	779.0 (426.5, 1411.0)	0.0413
GGT (IU/L)	139.5 (99.0, 210.8)	145.0 (108.0, 223.0)	111.0 (84.5, 162.5)	0.0493
CHE (IU/L)	4.0 ± 1.5	3.9 ± 1.5	4.1 ± 1.5	0.5332
TBil (μmol/L)	174.1 (96.1, 288.7)	155.1 (93.6, 272.9)	211.7 (147.3, 340.9)	0.0383
ALB (g/L)	33.5 ± 4.8	33.6 ± 4.8	33.3 ± 5.5	0.7852
PA (mg/L)	46.0 (31.3, 67.0)	48.0 (35.0, 69.0)	42.0 (26.5, 51.5)	0.0413
BUN (mmol/)	3.9 (3.0, 4.6)	3.9 (3.0, 4.6)	3.8 (3.2, 4.4)	0.9233
Cr (μmol/L)	73.0 (66.0, 82.0)	74.0 (67.0, 83.0)	71.0 (63.0, 77.5)	0.0773
INR	1.50 ± 0.21	1.46 ± 0.18	1.72 ± 0.24	0.0002
PTA (%)	51.1 (45.8, 55.8)	52.5 (48.1, 57.0)	44.0 (41.0, 47.8)	0.0003
WBC (109/L)	5.4 (3.9, 6.8)	5.2 (3.18, 6.7)	5.7 (4.4, 6.8)	0.2073
PLT (109/L)	118.9 ± 47.8	120.2 ± 49.1	112.5 ± 41.5	0.4332
MELD	17.9 ± 3.8	17.5 ± 3.8	19.8 ± 3.1	0.0032

Data are presented as the mean ± SD, n (%), or median (interquartile range).

¹Chi-square test results;

²t-test results;

³U test results. P-value: Patients with post-admission progression to acute-on-chronic liver failure vs patients without post-admission progression. ACLF: Acute-on-chronic liver failure; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; BUN: Urea nitrogen; CHE: Cholinesterase; Cr: Creatinine; GGT: Glutamine transpeptidase; INR: International standardization ratio; LC: Liver cirrhosis; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; Na⁺: Sodium; PA: Prealbumin; PLT: Platelet; PTA: Prothrombin activity; TBil: Total bilirubin; WBC: White blood cell.