Harnessing the potential of gene editing technology using CRISPR in inflammatory bowel disease

Table 1 Genes to target for optimal impact using CRISPR

Gene	Strength of role in inflammatory bowel disease	Pathway	Function
NOD2 [42]	+++++	Cellular Innate Immunity	Intermediate in MDP to NFkB and IL1B production
IRGM	++
LRRK2	+
ATG5	+	Autophagy	Phagophore to autophagosome to autophagolysosme creation
ATG16L1[42]	++++
IRGM	++
Gatm	+++	Defective Barrier	Leaky lamina propria allowing antigen entry and T cell response
ECM1	+
CDH1	+
LAMB1	+
HNF4A	+
GNA12	+
IL10	+++++	Adaptive Immune	Convergence of STAT3, IL10RB, NOD2, ATG16L1 pathway
CARD9/15	++
CCR6	++
IL2RA	+
MST1	+
TNFSF15	+++
REL	+
STAT3	+++++	Th17 Mediated	Activation of Th17 adaptive immunity
IL23R[42]	+++++
IL12B	++
FUT2	+

Genes in bold have publications using CRISPR technology. Strength of role is based on + of publications and relationship to inflammatory bowel disease: > 5 +; > 10 ++; > 20 +++; > 40 ++++; > 80 +++++. NOD2: Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2; IRGM: Immunity related GTPase M; LRRK2- leucine-rich repeat kinase 2; ATG5: Autophagy related 5; ATG16L1: Autophagy-related protein 16-1; Gatm: Glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrial; ECM1: Extracellular matrix protein 1; CDH1: Cadherin 1; LAMB1: Laminin subunit beta 1; HNF4A: Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha; GNA12: G protein subunit alpha 12; IL-10: Interleukin 10; CARD9/15: Caspase-associated recruitment domain; CCR6: Chemokine receptor 6; IL2RA: Interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha; MST1: Macrophage-stimulating protein; TNFSF15: TNF superfamily member 15; REL: Rel protein; STAT3: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; IL23R: Interleukin 23 receptor; IL12B: Interleukin 12; FUT2: Fucosyltransferase 2.