Comparison of Hemospray® and Endoclot™ for the treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding

Table 2 Clinical characteristics of the patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and efficacy of hemostatic powders in the treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding n (%)

	HS and EC (n = 137)	Hemospray (n = 102)	Endoclot (n = 25)	P value
Sex (M)	86 (62.8)	68 (66.7)	11 (44)	0.04
Age, yr
mean ± SD	66.4 ± 14.2	66.4 ± 14.0	67.9 ± 16.5	NS
range	(11-93)	29-93	11-89
Rockall risk score				NS
median ± SD	7.1 ±1.7	7.1 ± 1.7	7.1 ± 1.8
range	2-10	2 -10	2 - 10
Comorbidities
Coagulopathy	45 (32.8)	34 (33)	5 (2)
Renal insufficiency	68 (49.6)	59 (49)	12 (48)
Hemodialysis	32 (23.4)	24 (23)	12 (48)
Liver cirrhosis	38 (27.7)	30 (29.4)	5 (20)
Therapeutic anticoagulation	35 (25.5)	28 (27.5)	6 (24)
Dual antiplatet therapy	7 (5.1)	5 (5)	2 (8)
Vitamin K antagonists	14 (10.2)	11 (11)	3 (12)
DOAC	8 (5.8)	7 (7)	1 (4)
Antiaggregation therapy	29 (21.2)	21 (20.6)	7 (28)
Application as				NS
Primary Therapy	72 (52.6)	59 (58)	10 (40)
Salvage Therapy	65 (47.4)	43 (42)	15 (60)
Multiple Applications of				NS
HS	37 (27)	24 (23)	3 (0.12)
Definite hemostatic therapies after HP failure				NS
Coiling	13 (9.5)	11 (11)	1 (4)
Surgery	8 (5.8)	7 (6.9)	0
Short term success (total)	113/137 (82.5)	68/102 (66.6)	21/25 (84)	NS
Primary therapy	60/72 (83.3)	50/59 (84.7)	8/10 (80)
Salvage therapy	53/65 (81.5)	36/43 (83.7)	13/15 (86.6)
Long term success	71/108 (65.7)	53/78 (67.9)	15/22 (68.2)	NS
Primary therapy	39/57 (68.4)	32/45 (71)	6/10 (60)
Salvage therapy	32/51 (62.7)	21/33(63.6)	9/12 (75)
Re-bleeding rate	34/137 (24.8)	24/102 (23.5)	4/25 (16)	NS
Primary therapy	15/72 (20.8)	11/59 (18.6)	2/10 (20)
Salvage therapy	19/65 (29.2)	13/43 (30.2)	2/15 (13)

DOAC: Direct acting oral anticoagulant; HS: Hemospray; EC: Endoclot; HP: Hemostatic powders; NS: Not specified; HS and EC: Including patients who received both Hemospray and Endoclot at different time points.