Nationwide cohort study suggests that nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy decreases dialysis risk in Taiwanese chronic kidney disease patients acquiring hepatitis B virus infection

Table 4 Hazard ratios for end-stage renal disease in the untreated hepatitis B virus-infected and hepatitis B virus-treated chronic kidney disease patients, with adjustment for competing mortality

Variable	Overall HBV patients (n = 3358)				Propensity score-matched HBV patients (n = 1768)
	Crude		Adjusted1		Crude		Adjusted1
	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
HBV cohort
Untreated	1.00 (Reference)		1.00 (Reference)		1.00 (Reference)		1.00 (Reference)
Treated	0.17 (0.07-0.41)	< 0.0001	0.15 (0.06-0.36)	< 0.0001	0.14 (0.06-0.34)	< 0.0001	0.13 (0.05-0.31)	< 0.0001
Sex (Men/Women)	1.12 (0.84-1.49)	0.43	0.91 (0.46-1.79)	0.78	0.87 (0.58-1.30)	0.49	0.63 (0.24-1.63)	0.34
Age (per year)	1.02 (1.01-1.02)	0.0002	1.00 (0.98-1.02)	0.86	1.01 (1.00-1.02)	0.20	0.99 (0.96-1.01)	0.34
Comorbidity (Yes/No)
Diabetes	2.01 (1.52-2.67)	< 0.0001	1.92 (1.33-2.77)	0.0005	1.89 (1.31-2.74)	0.0007	1.77 (1.08-2.91)	0.024
Hypertension	3.09 (2.35-4.06)	< 0.0001	3.90 (2.66-5.72)	< 0.0001	2.59 (1.79-3.74)	< 0.0001	3.52 (2.09-5.95)	< 0.0001
Coronary heart disease	0.85 (0.53-1.36)	0.49	0.51 (0.31-0.84)	0.008	0.93 (0.54-1.60)	0.80	0.59 (0.32-1.09)	0.09
Hyperlipidemia	1.12 (0.81-1.54)	0.51	0.84 (0.58-1.20)	0.33	1.23 (0.81-1.86)	0.33	0.98 (0.61-1.56)	0.91
Cirrhosis	0.57 (0.27-1.22)	0.15	0.35 (0.05-2.61)	0.30	0.53 (0.25-1.14)	0.10	0.30 (0.03-3.32)	0.33
Urbanization level
Urban	1.00 (Reference)		1.00 (Reference)		1.00 (Reference)		1.00 (Reference)
Suburban	1.18 (0.90-1.56)	0.24	1.18 (0.85-1.65)	0.33	1.27 (0.88-1.84)	0.20	1.06 (0.68-1.64)	0.80
Rural	1.03 (0.75-1.43)	0.85	1.09 (0.73-1.64)	0.68	0.79 (0.50-1.23)	0.30	0.91 (0.52-1.59)	0.73
Enrolee category
1 + 2	1.00 (Reference)		1.00 (Reference)		1.00 (Reference)		1.00 (Reference)
3	0.96 (0.73-1.27)	0.78	1.05 (0.74-1.50)	0.78	0.79 (0.54-1.14)	0.21	0.99 (0.60-1.62)	0.97
4	1.57 (1.14-2.16)	0.006	1.60 (1.06-2.40)	0.024	1.78 (1.19-2.67)	0.005	1.89 (1.10-3.26)	0.022

¹Adjusted for all covariates (age per year, sex, comorbidities, urbanization level, enrolee category, number of medical visits, Charlson comorbidity index score, and propensity score). HBV: Hepatitis B virus.