Impaired granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor bioactivity accelerates surgical recurrence in ileal Crohn’s disease

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the subjects

Patient characteristics (n = 412)	n (%)
Gender, Female	242 (58.74)
Race, White	368 (89.3)
Age, mean ± SD	49.88 ± 14.49
Smoking
Current smoker	180 (43.69)
Ex-smoker	27 (6.57)
Never smoker	203 (49.27)
Surgery for CD1
First Ileocolic resection	370 (89.80)
First Ileal resection	26 (6.31)
Second Ileocolic resection	152 (36.89)
Second Ileal resection	13 (3.15)
Exposure to medication
Immunomodulators pre-T1	105 (25.48)
Anti-TNF agent pre-T1	80 (19.41)
Immunomodulators pre-T2	187 (45.39)
Anti-TNF agent pre-T2	120 (29.13)

¹3.2% of patients underwent other intestinal surgeries as noted in the results section of the text. CD: Crohn’s disease.